Volume 207 Issue 3

Promoting the supply, distribution and sustainability of rural outreach services requires multilevel policy development and regional service planning

Belinda G O'Sullivan · Johannes U Stoelwinder · Matthew R McGrail

Evidence mounts for a legal duty to disclose performance data as part of informed consent

Rebekah E McWhirter

Three-dimensional printing could revolutionise the way we practise medicine

Jasamine Coles-Black · Ian Chao · Jason Chuen

Understanding the relationships between risk factors and disease outcomes is an important aspect of much clinical medical and epidemiological research

Michael P Jones · Marjorie M Walker · John R Attia

A standard approach in QT measurement improves communication between clinicians

Kathryn Waddell-Smith · Robert M Gow · Jonathan R Skinner

A new approach better informs women and doctors about what assisted reproductive technologies can achieve in 2017

Stephen J Robson · Caroline M de Costa

Australian toxinology can contribute more to helping tropical developing countries where snakebites are a serious problem

David A Warrell

CLBRs for complete cycles are meaningful estimates of success, reflecting contemporary clinical practice and encouraging safe practice

Georgina M Chambers · Repon C Paul · Katie Harris · Oisin Fitzgerald · Clare V Boothroyd · Luk Rombauts · Michael G Chapman · Louisa Jorm

Improving early diagnostic strategies is required to facilitate early administration of antivenom

Christopher I Johnston · Nicole M Ryan · Colin B Page · Nicholas A Buckley · Simon GA Brown · Margaret A O'Leary · Geoffrey K Isbister

Neither data source included sufficient detail for prognosis or longer term monitoring of outcomes

Marliese Alexander · Sue M Evans · Rory Wolfe · David L Ball · Kate Burbury

Strategies to improve the detection and management of patients with an increased risk of post-operative CKD

Robert J Ellis · Andre Joshi · Keng L Ng · Ross S Francis · Glenda C Gobe · Simon T Wood

To the Editor:I thank Byard and colleagues1 for their review of risks of herbal products to the Australian community, which highlighted the high rates of use in younger women with a tertiary education and in patients with chronic diseases or comorbidities. Refugee and migrant women represent a group with potentially high rates of use of herbal products as well as other traditional practices, particularly during pregnancy. Ethnobotany surveys found that 90% of women in eastern Ivory Coast and 80% of women in Mali used medicinal plants during pregnancy.2 A prospective cohort study found that 45% of women in China consumed Chinese herbal medicine during pregnancy and the postpartum period.3 The ingestion of soil, clay or chalk has been observed in up to 84% of pregnant women in African countries, and may be complicated by hypokalaemic paralysis, iron and zinc deficiency, lead poisoning, intestinal obstruction and parasitic infestation.4,5 It is commonly reported that migrant women transfer cultural practices to their new country. In the United Kingdom, geophagia is associated with immigrants from South Asia and West Africa.6 Likewise, Congolese and Zimbabwean women commonly consume clay during pregnancy after migrating to Cape Town.7 In addition, the use of skin lightening creams has been reported in 69% of pregnant women on their third-trimester attending a standard maternal centre in Dakar, which may result in maternal Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal insufficiency and in fetal intrauterine growth restriction. Most case reports in the literature describing Cushing’s syndrome due to skin lightening creams have been on African women who had migrated to Australia, the United States or Europe.8 Skin lightening creams may also contain mercury, with the risk of birth defects and irreversible neurological damage to the child. These products are usually obtained over the counter in African shops, and thus are not subject to any form of safety regulation. A further difficulty is that migrant women may not disclose their use of herbal medicines or other traditional products, even when questioned specifically. Therefore, health professionals in Australia should be aware of the risk of use of herbal and other natural products and practices by migrant women, particularly during pregnancy. Engagement with matriarchal figures, nurses and doulas within migrant communities may be valuable in identifying the extent of these practices.

Adam Morton

To the Editor:The recent review by Byard and colleagues1 highlighted the need for tighter regulation and monitoring of traditional herbal products sold in Australia to minimise the risk of exposure to preparations containing toxic substances, including heavy metals. Use of imported Ayurvedic medicines containing high levels of lead is a concerning exposure source among Victorians and elsewhere in Australia.2 Between 2010 and 2015, 1530 incident cases with blood lead levels above 10 μg/dL were notified to the Department of Health and Human Services under the Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 (Vic). Eight patients, aged 26–41 years, reported Ayurvedic medicine use, including one case of occult lead poisoning described previously.3 The median blood lead levels were higher in patients using Ayurvedic medicines (median, 79.5 μg/dL [range, 26.1–102.9]) compared with other non-occupational lead exposures (n = 184; median, 16.4 μg/dL [range, 10.0–63.6]). For patients reporting Ayurvedic medicine use, testing was often prompted by clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain and vomiting. All patients obtained different products directly from India (n = 7) or Pakistan (n = 1). Analysis at an independent laboratory revealed that these products had 2000–15 000 times the maximum amount of lead allowed in complementary medicines by the Therapeutic Goods Administration under the Poisons Standard (ie, 10 mg/kg or 0.001%).4 The ease by which these Ayurvedic products were obtained via the internet or by travellers to non-regulated countries means that they remain a difficult product to monitor. It is also concerning that all female patients (n = 3) reported using these products as fertility therapies or for the treatment of morning sickness, as high blood lead levels may be passed onto babies during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.5 We support the assertion that clinical vigilance is necessary in monitoring lead and other heavy metal levels in patients reporting traditional medicine use.2,3 Difficulties may arise if the health-seeking behaviours of people using Ayurvedic therapies result in fewer contacts with health services, reducing opportunities to test individuals at greatest risk. Public health messages about the potential risks of traditional and Ayurvedic medicines were distributed using targeted media for at-risk communities, Chief Health Officer alerts and the Victorian Government’s Better Health Channel.

Tanyth de Gooyer · Rohani Savage · Nicola Stephens

In reply

Roger W Byard · Garth Maker · Michael Bunce

Professor Kingsley Faulkner has combined a surgical career with fierce anti-tobacco advocacy and now, as chair of the Doctors for the Environment Australia, he argues that the health profession must take climate change seriously

Cate Swannell

Researchers in the fields of infectious disease, autoimmunity, chronic pain and Parkinson disease are among the Australian researchers honoured with National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Research Excellence Awards. Associate Professor James Ward, from Monash University and the Alfred, received the Rising Star Research Excellence Award for the top-ranked application by an Indigenous researcher in the Early Career Fellowship scheme. His research focuses on using health service and public health interventions to improve outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with sexually transmissible infections, HIV and viral hepatitis. Professor Carola Garcia de Vinuesa, head of the Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease at the John Curtin School of Medical Research at the Australian National University, was recognised twice, with her award for the top-ranked Project Grant application as well as the NHMRC Elizabeth Blackburn Fellowship (Biomedical) for her research on the development of rogue antibodies that lead to autoimmune and allergic diseases. The biennial NHMRC Outstanding Contribution Award was presented to Professor Jane Hall, director of Strategy for the Centre for Health Economics and Research Evaluation at the University of Technology Sydney, and professor of Health Economics in the UTS Business School, honouring her long-term commitment to the fields of health economics and health services research, as a researcher, mentor and health policy advocate. Dr Nikolajs Zeps, from the University of Western Australia, was the recipient of the biennial NHMRC Ethics Award in recognition of his leadership in the development of ethics policies and standards, both within Australia and internationally. https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/mr-research_excellence_awards_2017.pdf Associate Professor Heidi Drummer, the Burnet Institute’s Program Director of Disease Elimination, has been elected as president of the Australian Centre for Hepatitis Virology (ACHV). Associate Professor Drummer is renowned for her landmark research into hepatitis C, and her laboratory conducts studies into HCV with a special focus on the development of a vaccine. She said that an effective hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) had led to misconceptions that further HBV research was unnecessary. However, more than 257 million people are infected with HBV and it accounts for more than 800 000 deaths each year. “Ongoing research is urgently required to identify better antivirals that can cure hepatitis B, and more research is required on HBV vaccination and efficacy,” Associate Professor Drummer said. Effective treatments for hepatitis C virus (HCV) had also led to a view that more hepatitis C research was not needed, she said. “Over 350 000 people die each year from HCV, and over 70 million people are thought to be actively infected,” Associate Professor Drummer said. “Direct acting antivirals have revolutionised treatment of those currently infected with cure rates of over 95%. However, a vaccine to prevent HCV and rapid point-of-care diagnostics to detect active infection have not been developed. A combined approach of testing, treatment, vaccination and on-going harm reduction is essential if we are to meet the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 2030 elimination targets.” The ACHV evolved from a meeting held in 1989 at Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital in Melbourne. Since 1994, an annual meeting has been held as a forum for scientists investigating hepatitis viruses to discuss research and establish collaborations. The ACHV awards prizes to students and early career researchers to attend international meetings, distributes prizes for presentations at national meetings, and provides support to relevant scientific meetings and symposia. https://www.burnet.edu.au/news/854_burnet_researcher_elected_president_of_achv Kerryn Moore, a PhD candidate at the Burnet Institute and the University of Melbourne, studying malaria in pregnant women, has been awarded the Aileen Plant Memorial Prize for a paper on the safety of artemisinin treatment of falciparum malaria in the first trimester of pregnancy, published in The Lancet in February 2016. Her analysis of data from the Thailand-Myanmar border was combined with data from Africa and presented to the WHO in 2015. This work led to a recommendation by a WHO evidence review group that treatment guidelines for pregnant women should change from quinine to the more effective artemisinin-based antimalarials. Previously artemisinin-based antimalarials were not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy, despite being the most effective drug available, because their safety during this period was unknown. However, it is expected WHO guidelines are now likely to change to allow the more effective treatment. The Aileen Plant Memorial Prize is awarded annually for a first author paper by an Australian researcher in the area of infectious disease epidemiology. Ms Moore is supervised by Associate Professor Freya Fowkes, Associate Professor Julie Simpson, and Professor Rose McGready. Ms Moore is based part-time at the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) – a field station of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University – on the Thai-Myanmar border. https://www.burnet.edu.au/news/853_kerryn_moore_awarded_aileen_plant_memorial_prize Four members of the Bone Biology Division at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research received awards at the joint annual scientific meeting of the Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society (ANZBMS) and the International Federation of Musculoskeletal Research Societies (IFMRS). Dr Michelle McDonald won an Amgen-ANZBMS Outstanding Abstract Award. This is the third year in a row that Dr McDonald has been awarded in this way, itself an outstanding achievement. Dr McDonald spoke about her work examining the potential for anti-sclerostin therapy to prevent bone loss and bone fracture induced by multiple myeloma; Dr Weiwen Chen won the MSD ANZBMS Clinical Research Excellence Award. She spoke about how osteoporotic fractures affect mortality, and described how osteoporotic fractures contribute to overall population mortality at a level similar to diabetes and cancer; Scott Youlten received the Christopher and Margie Nordin Young Investigator Poster Award. His poster set out his work in understanding how the spectrum of genes that are expressed in bone cells varies with age and gender, following on from his talk at the conference examining how gene expression changes throughout the skeleton; and, Thao Ho-Le won the prestigious Sol Posen Research Award for the best first author publication submitted in the previous 18 months, for her recent paper describing how genetic profiling can deepen our understanding of an individual’s risk of fracture. https://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/news/success-for-garvan-researchers-at-key-bone-biology-conference

This calendar will be updated each month. If you have an event you would like to add, please include relevant details in an email to cswannell@mja.com.au. 2017 AUGUST 7-8 ANZICS 2017 Safety and Quality Conference: The deteriorating patient, Sydney, NSW 10-11 AVHEC – Australasian Viral Hepatitis Elimination Conference 2017, Cairns, QLD 10-12 Pathology Horizons, Cairns, QLD 11-13 ACD 5th Rural Dermatology Meeting, Broome, WA 16 ANZCA Approved Anaphylaxis & CICO Emergency Response Workshop, Frankston, VIC 16 FUSE Vascular, Melbourne, VIC 16-19 NZDSI Annual Conference, Queenstown, NZ 17-18 11th Colorectal Cancer Conference 2017: A multidisciplinary approach, Melbourne, VIC 18-19 Medico-Legal Society of Queensland 2017 Annual Conference: When yes means no, Gold Coast, QLD 19 Perinatal Mental Health Symposium, Melbourne, VIC 19-20 iHeartScan Advanced, Melbourne, VIC 19-23 2017 Australia and New Zealand Society of Occupational Medicine ASM, Fremantle, WA 21-23 18th International Mental Health Conference, Gold Coast, QLD 21-23 National Indigenous Drug and Alcohol Misuse Conference, Brisbane, QLD 21-23 National Indigenous Colour of Justice Conference, Brisbane, QLD 21-25 CT-Acute Medical and Surgical Interpretation 2017, Queenstown, NZ 21-27 Be Medicinewise Week 22-23 Healthcare Leaders Forum, Sydney, NSW 23-25 27th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Stroke Society of Australasia 2017, Queenstown, NZ 24-26 2017 Annual Meeting of the Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia, Auckland, NZ 25-27 38th Australasian Dermatopathology Society ASM, Melbourne, VIC 28-30 DFTB17: Making a difference, Brisbane, QLD 29 CICM Communication course, Melbourne, VIC 29 Data and Innovation Collaboration Network Meeting, Brisbane, QLD 30 Aug-1 Sep 2017 Australian Diabetes Society/Australian Diabetes Educators Association Annual Scientific Meeting, Perth, WA 30 Aug-2 Sep 18th Asia-Pacific Prostate Cancer Conference, Melbourne, VIC 31 Aug-3 Sep 5th World Congress on Controversies, Debates and Consensus in Bone, Muscle and Joint Diseases, Gold Coast, QLD SEPTEMBER 1 Epworth HealthCare 8th Obstetrics & Gynaecology Clinical Institute Symposium, Melbourne, VIC 1 QRME Ltd Cultural Safety Training: Developing positive, respectful relationships with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, create a culturally safe practice, administer the PIP – Indigenous Health Incentive, Toowoomba, QLD 1-2 Australia and New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders 2017 Conference, Darling Harbour, NSW 1-2 Australasian Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery (AAFPS) & Blepharoplasty Australia 3rd Triennial Masters Symposium on Blepharoplasty and Facial Rejuvenation, Sydney, NSW 1-3 General Practice Conference and Exhibition, Brisbane, QLD 2-3 QRME Ltd Advanced Lift Support: build participants’ knowledge, skills and confidence when responding to rural general practice emergencies, Toowoomba, QLD 5-7 11th National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Environmental Health Conference, Cairns, QLD 6-7 6th Annual International Emergency Care Conference, Melbourne, VIC 6-8 2017 Australian Palliative Care Conference: Connection with community, Adelaide, SA 6-8 10th ANZSIN Meeting, Darwin, NT 8 The Alfred Emergency and Trauma Centre Resuscitation Update, Melbourne, VIC 8-10 Joint Neuroanaesthesia and Trauma SIG Meeting, Byron Bay, NSW 8-10 International Cornea and Contact Lens 2017 Congress: See the light, Sydney, NSW 9-10 ANZCA/ASA SA NT Burnell Jose Visiting Professionals ASM: Anaesthesia and you: understanding human factors and optimising performance, Rowland Flat, SA 12-14 AACB 55th Annual Scientific Conference: Time sensitive testing, Melbourne, VIC 13-15 28th Annual Conference of the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Auckland, NZ 14 RUOK? Day 14 2017 Innovations in Cancer Treatment and Care Conference, Sydney, NSW 14-15 3rd Australian Nursing and Midwifery Conference, Newcastle, NSW 14-16 Australasian Doctors’ Health Conference, Sydney, NSW 14-16 Internal Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Conference 2017, Hobart, TAS 14-17 Neuro-Ophthalmology Society of Australia 33rd Clinical and Scientific Meeting and NeuroVision Training Weekend, Sydney, NSW 15-17 RANZP Faculty of Psychotherapy Conference 2017, Ayers Rock, NT 15-17 ASBDD Biennial Conference: Better treatments, better outcomes, Melbourne, VIC 15-17 ANZAAG Symposium: Perioperative drug hypersensitivity – working together to keep patients safe, Auckland, NZ 16 Epworth Healthcare Perioperative Medicine Symposium, Melbourne, VIC 17-20 2017 Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand 2nd ASM, Canberra, ACT 20-22 6th APAC Forum: Lead the change you want to see, Gold Coast, QLD 20-23 AIDA Conference 2017: Family, unity, success, 20 years strong, Pokolbin, NSW 21-22 Big Data and Analytics Innovation Summit: Maximise the Potential of Your Big Data Initiatives, Sydney, NSW 25-27 RANZP New Zealand National Conference 2017: Uniting the pathways, Tauranga, NZ 25-27 9th International Global Virus Network Meeting, Melbourne, VIC 27-29 Joint 2017 ACHSM/ACHS Asia-Pacific Congress: The winds of change, adjust your sails, Sydney, NSW OCTOBER 4-6 Global Alcohol Policy 2017 Conference: Mobilising for change: Alcohol policy and the evidence for action, Melbourne, VIC 4-6 Australasian Gastro-intestinal Trials Group 19th Annual Scientific Meeting, Cairns, QLD 4-6 2017 Obesity Surgery Society of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Adelaide, SA 6-8 AORA ASM 2017, Adelaide, SA 7-10 ASA National Scientific Congress 2017, Perth, WA 8-12 AOA 77th ASM and AGM, Adelaide, SA 9-13 Activity Based Funding Conference 2017 and 33rd Patient Classification Systems International Conference 2017, Sydney, NSW 11-13 42nd Australian and New Zealand ASM in Intensive Care and the 23rd Annual Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Conference: ICU: Thinking outside the flags, Gold Coast, QLD 12-14 The Australian and New Zealand Head and Neck Cancer Society ASM, Brisbane, QLD 12-15 2017 Combined Orthopaedic Knee Societies Meeting, Noosa, QLD -16 RCPA 47th Annual Scientific and Business Meeting, Canberra, ACT 12-14 APELSO 2017: ECMO and beyond (the future of mechanical support), Gold Coast, QLD 14-15 RANZCP Victorian Branch Conference, Marysville, VIC 16-18 3rd International Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Melbourne, VIC 18-19 7th National Borderline Personality Disorder Conference 2017: From stigma, to strength, Perth, WA 18-21 9th World Congress of Melanoma and 14th International Congress of the Society for Melanoma Research, Brisbane, QLD 18-21 RACMA 2017 Conference: Past reflections, future directions, Melbourne, VIC 19-22 RANZP Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2017: Growing minds: The early origins of mental health and disorder, Adelaide, SA 19-22 2017 RANZCR ASM: Explore the extraordinary, Perth, WA 20 Crisis Management in Obstetric Anaesthesia and Neonatal Resuscitation, Sunshine, VIC 22 Epworth HealthCare Seventh Cardiac Sciences Clinical Institute Symposium, Melbourne, VIC 24-27 Australian Association of Practice Managers National Conference: The magic of management, Perth, WA 26-28 GP17 RACGP Annual conference, Sydney, NSW 26-28 SPANZA 2017 Conference, Perth, WA 27-28 6th Annual Neuropsychiatry and Behavioural Neurology Conference, Sydney NSW 28 Oct-1 Nov 49th RANZCO Annual Scientific Congress, Perth, WA 29-31 ISPE’s 10th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology, Brisbane, QLD 29 Oct-1 Nov RANZCOG Annual Scientific Meeting, Auckland, NZ NOVEMBER 1-3 10th Health Services and Policy Research Conference: Shifting priorities: balancing acute and primary care services, Gold Coast, QLD 1-3 Epilepsy Society of Australia 31st Annual Scientific Meeting, Perth, WA 2-4 Perioperative Medicine SIG Congress 2017: Cancer surgery and perioperative medicine: prehab to rehab, Sydney, NSW 3 Swinburne Body Image and Related Disorders (BIRD) Conference, Hawthorn campus, Melbourne, VIC 8-11 NZ Anaesthesia ASM 2017: Fear and excitement, Rotorua, NZ 9-10 RANZP Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age Conference 2017, Queenstown, NZ 10-12 General Practice Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, VIC 12-15 22nd Australian and New Zealand Prevocational Medical Education Forum: Singing from the same songsheet, Brisbane, QLD 13-14 Global Experts Meeting on Gastroenterology, Melbourne, VIC 13-15 Clinical Oncology Society of Australia 2017 ASM: Immunotherapy: molecules and mountains, Sydney, NSW 13-19 Antibiotic Awareness Week 15-17 Hospital in the Home Society of Australasia ASM: Changes, challenges and opportunity, Melbourne, VIC 16-17 National NDIS Mental Health Conference, Sydney, NSW 17-19 National Histology Conference, Hobart, TAS 19-23 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine 34th ASM: Impossible is just a perspective, Sydney, NSW 20-21 11th International Conference on Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology: Novel development and applications in immunology and immunopharmacology, Melbourne, VIC 20-22 28th International Conference on Psychiatry and Mental Health 2017: Modernising and accomplishing mental wellness through psychology and psychiatric empathy, Melbourne, VIC 20-24 Psychiatry Update 2017, Christchurch, NZ 23-26 Asian Pacific Society of Respirology Congress 2017, Sydney, NSW 26-29 APCCN 2017 – Asia Pacific Conference on Clinical Nutrition, Adelaide, SA 27-29 6th National Closing the Gap Indigenous Health Conference, and 2017 National Indigenous Mental Health Conference, Cairns, QLD 30 Nov-2 Dec Mercy Perinatal Global Obstetrics Update 2017, Melbourne, VIC DECEMBER 3-6 Australasian Neuroscience Society annual meeting, Sydney, NSW 6 AHHA Data and Innovation Collaboration Network Meeting, Dubbo, NSW 7-8 CPET and Prehabilitation Symposium: Incorporating POETTS (UK) accredited CPET course, Melbourne, VIC 8-10 Entheogenesis Australis Outdoor Psychedelic Symposium, Eildon, VIC 2018 FEBRUARY 4-8 World Congress on Phlebology, Melbourne, VIC 7-9 National Indigenous Men’s Health Conference, National Indigenous Women’s Wellbeing Conference, Sydney, NSW 9-10 4th International 4 Corners of Cardiology Meeting, Melbourne, VIC 23-24 PICET Obstetric Intensive Care Symposium, Adelaide, SA 25-28 World Psychiatric Association 2018 Thematic Conference: Innovation in Psychiatry: Effective interventions for health and society, Melbourne, VIC MARCH 2-4 Pathology Update 2018, Sydney, NSW 8-11 APSCVIR 2018, Auckland, NZ 28-30 7th National Indigenous Domestic Violence Conference, Gold Coast, QLD APRIL 7-8 2018 Neuromodulation Society of Australia and New Zealand 13th ASM, Sydney, NSW 11-13 2nd International Selection in the Health Professions Conference, Melbourne, VIC 22-27 Hunter Paediatric Society Conference, Palm Cove, QLD MAY 7-11 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress 2018 with the ANZ College of Anaesthetists, Sydney, NSW 13-17 RANZP Congress 2018: Becoming well together: Partnerships in health, Auckland, NZ 18-22 Australasian College of Dermatologists ASM, Gold Coast, QLD 20-23 5th Asian and Oceanic Regional Congress on Radiation Protection, Melbourne, VIC JUNE 7-9 Rural Doctors Association of Queensland 29th Annual Conference, TBC AUGUST 15-18 World Congress on Cancers of the Skin, Sydney, NSW SEPTEMBER 13-14 NOSA Annual Meeting 2018, Melbourne, VIC 15-16 Neurovision, Melbourne, VIC OCTOBER 6-9 ASA National Scientific Congress 2018, Adelaide, SA 10-12 2018 World Hospital Congress, Brisbane, QLD 25-28 2018 RANZCR ASM, Canberra, ACT NOVEMBER 7-10 New Zealand Anaesthesia Annual Scientific Meeting 2018, Auckland, NZ 8-10 RANZCP Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age and the Asian Society Against Dementia Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 13-15 Clinical Oncology Society of Australia 2018 ASM, Perth, WA 18-22 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, 35th ASM, Perth, WA 2019 NOVEMBER 17-19 10th World Congress of Itch, Sydney, NSW 2021 NOVEMBER 10-13 XIII International Congress of Dermatology, Melbourne, VIC DECEMBER TBA FIGO World Congress of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sydney, NSW

Swannell