Anatomy and physiology

Disease-specific mortality for people with CML has declined substantially with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Kerri Beckmann · Brendon J Kearney · Naranie Shanmuganathan · David Yeung · Tim Hughes

These first Australian evidence-based guidelines will serve as a clinical aid to practitioners who provide services to men with infertility and will facilitate evidence-based care for the most common areas of male infertility

Darren J Katz · Liza O’Donnell · Robert I McLachlan · Tim J Moss · Clare V Boothroyd · Veena Jayadev · Sarah R Catford

A 49-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus was hospitalised with critical hypoglycaemia

Michael Do · Annabelle G Hayes · Malgorzata M Brzozowska

Culturally acceptable strategies for improving risk factors could reduce cardiometabolic disease in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities

Hasthi UW Dissanayake · George Gurruwiwi · J Dhurrkay · Josh C Tynan · Sabine Braat · Benjamin Harrap · Tim Trudgen · Sarah Hanieh · Bronwyn Clark · Michaela Spencer · Michael Christie · Emma Tonkin · Emily Armstrong · Leonard C Harrison · John M Wentworth · Julie K Brimblecombe · Beverley‐Ann Biggs

Knowing how many people use testosterone for gender affirmation is important for service provision and quality of care

Brendan J Nolan · Sav Zwickl · Jeffrey D Zajac · Ada S Cheung

A 34-year-old man, born in Brasília, Brazil, who had been living in Australia for three years with no return travel, presented to his dentist with an eight-week history of a painful, progressively enlarging maxillary, gingival ulcerative lesion

Timothy C Badrick · Ella M Meumann · Kathryn Shirley · Peter Simos · Mertya L May · Gary Quagliotto · Evan C Bursle · Nici Leonard · Rodney J McDougall · Jennifer M Robson

Documenting reasons for implanting CIEDs and detailed discussions with prospective patients about their risks are essential

William F Heddle AM

A 44-year-old man presented to the emergency department with one month of worsening breathlessness, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, and pitting oedema to the thighs

Yi‐An Pan · David Roberts · Yi‐An Pan · David Roberts

Alain Braillon · Wendy A Rogers

A 40-year-old man was referred to the neuromuscular clinic with generalised fasciculations

Dhayalen Krishnan · Matthew C Kiernan

Careful clinical assessment is indicated in migraineurs to differentiate between migraine and more serious neurological pathologies

Alanna Rottler · Yew Li Dang · Wai Foong Hooi · David Burrows · Hong Kuan Kok · Douglas Crompton

A 38-year-old woman with longstanding Crohn’s disease presented with 7 months of a nonhealing widespread rash

Fleur W Kong · David Wong · Kendall Sharpe · Louis Pool · James Muir

The management of peri-operative anaemia after major abdominal surgery should be standardised to improve patient outcomes

The POSTVenTT Study Collaborative*

To the Editor: The concepts presented by Coman and colleagues1 parallel international trends within anatomical societies, where attitudes on human remains used for educational purposes are under scrutiny.2 Illuminating issues around legacy collections, and pressing for further clarity, transparency and appropriate cultural and ethical solutions, is important for the proper treatment of these precious resources. It is also necessary given recent events that have raised concerns within the public about how human remains and anatomical collections are treated under the guise of education.3 We strongly support the points made by Coman et al around development of repatriation policies for privately held bones, but we respectfully suggest additional considerations. The suggestion “Medical ethicists assert that in the absence of consent, anatomical specimens … should be destroyed”1 is not congruent with current suggestions and practice.4 Anatomical collections that have no provenance or consent are often used as teaching resources and represent the tangible legacies of histories of this field of science. As such, they serve the additional educational purpose of eliciting discussions on contemporary ethical and professional practice.5 There are also benefits associated with using real bones as opposed to three‐dimensional or plastic copies that do not retain the same weight, detail or nuanced anatomical features. Arguments do exist for disposition of unconsented collections, but these should be considered against the educational value these remains deliver and the social, ethical and cultural concerns around their ongoing use. In proposing consultation across various groups to clarify appropriate practice around “managing the legacy of human bone use in education,“1 we suggest it is necessary to include other specific interest groups to ensure community‐appropriate practices are developed. It is essential that community input is acquired, with indigenous representatives contributing knowledge and perspective. In addition, input from organisations that contribute expertise specific to national and international standards and practice are necessary. This should include local organisations, the Australian Institute of Anatomical Sciences and the Australian and New Zealand Association of Clinical Anatomists, and globally, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists ethics committee. Such broad input is necessary to ensure guidelines are fit for purpose in a global education community.

Jon Cornwall · Sabine Hildebrandt · Thomas Champney

Many technical and regulatory hurdles have been overcome, but the field has a long way to go

Gabrielle O'Sullivan · Joshua G Philips · John EJ Rasko

Flesh made new: the unnatural history and broken promise of stem cells

Megan Munsie

Seasonal affective disorder, a well documented syndrome in northern latitudes, has limited credence in Australia

Adriana G Nevarez Flores · Emmanuelle CS Bostock · Amanda L Neil