Topics
Neurology
Fallibility and flaviviruses: a diagnostic lesson in Japanese encephalitis
Accurate diagnosis requires careful interpretation of laboratory results, with repeat serology over time and using a range of different assays
Kate Proudmore · Vicki L Krause · Bart J Currie · Rob Baird
Consensus statement for the management of incidentally found brain white matter hyperintensities in general medical practice
Incidentally found white matter hyperintensities on neuroimaging are an opportunity to address cardiovascular risk factors to prevent progression to cognitive decline
Thomas P Ottavi · Elizabeth Pepper · Grant Bateman · Mark Fiorentino · Amy Brodtmann
Non‐invasive ventilation for people with neuromuscular disorders in Australia and New Zealand: a qualitative study of clinician perspectives
Local guidelines, specific funding of respiratory care for people with neuromuscular disorders, and further training for clinicians are needed
Meredith A Perry · Bernadette Jones · Hemakumar Devan · Alister Neill · Amanda Piper · Tristram Ingham
Hospitalisations and in‐hospital deaths following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in Australia, 2015–20: a registry data analysis for the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data (ATBIND) project
More effective care strategies are required to reduce the burden of TBI, particularly among younger men
Gerard M O'Reilly · Kate Curtis · Biswadev Mitra · Yesul Kim · Afsana Afroz · Kate Hunter · Courtney Ryder · Delia V Hendrie · Nick Rushworth · Jin Tee · Shane D'Angelo · Emma Solly · Oashe Bhattacharya · Mark C Fitzgerald · Gerard M O'Reilly · Kate Curtis · Biswadev Mitra · Yesul Kim · Afsana Afroz · Kate Hunter · Courtney Ryder · Delia V Hendrie · Nick Rushworth · Jin Tee · Shane D'Angelo · Emma Solly · Oashe Bhattacharya · Mark C Fitzgerald
Prevalence, pathogenesis and spectrum of neurological symptoms in COVID‐19 and post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: a narrative review
The long term impact of COVID-19 on neurological diseases remains uncertain and requires ongoing vigilance through longitudinal studies
Robb Wesselingh
Young‐onset dementia diagnosis, management and care
Melanie Bahlo
Young‐onset dementia diagnosis, management and care
Samantha M Loi · Monica Cations · Dennis Velakoulis
Organ donation by children in Australia, 2000–2019: impact of the 2009 National Reform Program. A population‐based registry data study
To increase the number of consented potential donors under 16 years of age, the specific needs of the families of dying children must be taken into account
Tal T Klein · Michael J O'Leary · Lukas Staub · Elena Cavazzoni
Hemichorea–hemiballismus due to hyperglycaemia
A 77-year-old man with a history of type 2 diabetes was admitted to hospital for acute hyperglycaemia
Manon Levy · Lucien Marchand
Axial crystal arthropathy mimicking facet joint septic arthritis with epidural abscess
A 78-year-old man with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hypothyroidism and gout presented with two weeks of migratory polyarthritis and fever
Hannah Poole · Amy Crowe · John Daffy
Japanese encephalitis virus: changing the clinical landscape of encephalitis in Australia
A structured diagnostic approach is required when assessing for JEV in patients with encephalitis
Sarah Allen · Celia M Cooper · Ajay Taranath · Allen C Cheng · Philip N Britton
Assessing preparedness for Alzheimer disease‐modifying therapies in Australasian health care systems
Therapeutic advancement is well underway, and the medical community needs to keep pace
Amy Brodtmann · David Darby · Carly Oboudiyat · Colin J Mahoney · Campbell Le Heron · Peter K Panegyres · Bruce Brew
Different estimates of the prevalence of dementia in Australia, 2021
The range of prevalence estimates suggests that re-assessing future demand may be appropriate
Annette J Dobson · Leon Flicker · Osvaldo P Almeida · Michael Waller · Kaarin Anstey
Cervical cord infarction mimicking migraine in a patient with vertebral artery dissection
Careful clinical assessment is indicated in migraineurs to differentiate between migraine and more serious neurological pathologies
Alanna Rottler · Yew Li Dang · Wai Foong Hooi · David Burrows · Hong Kuan Kok · Douglas Crompton
Young‐onset dementia diagnosis, management and care: a narrative review
Management of young-onset dementia needs to be age-appropriate and multidisciplinary
Samantha M Loi · Monica Cations · Dennis Velakoulis
Differences in the pre‐hospital management of women and men with stroke by emergency medical services in New South Wales
To the Editor: We read the article by Wang and colleagues1 with great interest. In their study, they used linked administrative datasets from 2005 to 2018 to investigate sex differences in pre‐hospital management of patients with stroke from a single jurisdiction. Among their findings, they observed that a greater proportion of women (52.4%) than men (47.9%) arrived at hospital by ambulance. We seek to draw attention to a similar, nationally representative study on the factors associated with the use of ambulances and access to evidence‐based care among patients with stroke.2 Our study included patients with first‐ever strokes from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (2010–2013) linked with administrative data (emergency, hospital admissions),2 as part of the Stroke123 study3 (including 39 hospitals from New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria and Western Australia). We found that among the 6262 patients with first‐ever stroke, 4737 (76%) arrived by ambulance.2 Interestingly, we also found sex differences in arrival by ambulance before adjustment for other covariates (women, 78.8% v men, 72.9%).2 In the Stroke123 study, we adjusted for factors associated with ambulance arrival.2,3 Some of the factors most strongly associated with ambulance arrival were age, frailty and markers of stroke severity. We found that patients who were older, frailer and had more severe strokes were more likely to arrive by ambulance. Following adjustments for age and stroke severity, the sex differences were no longer statistically significant.2 In other research undertaken by our group using linked ambulance, hospital and Australian Stroke Clinical Registry data, other important factors associated with arrival by ambulance included call‐taker or paramedic identification of stroke, which was less often identified in women.4 In the investigations on sex differences by Wang and colleagues, there was no adjustment for markers of stroke severity. We are curious as to why no adjustment for Glasgow Coma Scale was made, particularly when looking at assessment for stroke by paramedics. It is possible that the sex differences observed would not be as marked after adjusting for stroke severity.
Monique Kilkenny · Amminadab L Eliakundu · Joosup Kim
Differences in the pre‐hospital management of women and men with stroke by emergency medical services in New South Wales
In reply
Xia Wang · Cheryl Carcel · Mark Woodward
The role of spinal surgery in the treatment of low back pain
The role of spinal surgery in the management of degenerative low back pain is not supported by the studies currently available
Lachlan Evans · Thomas O’Donohoe · Andrew Morokoff · Katharine Drummond
Stroke in Australia: long term survivors have fallen into a black hole
People with long term disability after stroke should have access to the services they need, when they require them
Katharine Scrivener · Catherine Dean · Ian D Cameron · Louise Ada
The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data (ATBIND) project: a mixed methods study protocol
Despite being the largest cause of death and disability after physical trauma, national data are not currently available for Australia
Gerard M O'Reilly · Kate Curtis · Yesul Kim · Biswadev Mitra · Kate Hunter · Courtney Ryder · Delia V Hendrie · Nick Rushworth · Afsana Afroz · Shane D'Angelo · Jin Tee · Mark C Fitzgerald
Primary headache drug treatment in emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand
Evidence-based guideline recommendations are not always followed in the ED
Kevin Chu · Anne‐Maree Kelly · Frances Kinnear · Gerben Keijzers · Sinan Kamona
What causes multiple sclerosis? Getting closer to the answers
MS risk is becoming less of a mystery as we gain a better understanding of its causes
Bruce V Taylor
Stroke is more than a hemiparesis: the pre‐hospital detection of stroke
The first step to improving outcomes for women with stroke is to identify them
Else Charlotte Sandset · Maren Ranhoff Hov
Differences in the pre‐hospital management of women and men with stroke by emergency medical services in New South Wales
Refining the assessment of symptoms in women in pre-hospital emergency services care could improve patient outcomes
Xia Wang · Cheryl Carcel · Benjumin Hsu · Sultana Shajahan · Matthew Miller · Sanne Peters · Deborah A Randall · Alys Havard · Julie Redfern · Craig S Anderson · Louisa Jorm · Mark Woodward
Time to antithrombotic therapy after transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke
Aspirin and other antithrombotics are proven to be effective in reducing ischaemic stroke recurrence
Thanh G Phan · Benjamin Clissold · Henry Ma