Issues
Volume 207 Issue 11
News
News briefs
What we hear is processed by the brain in waves Australian and Italian researchers have provided important new evidence for the cyclical nature of perception in an article published in Current Biology. They found that the sensitivity for detecting weak sounds is not constant in humans, but fluctuates regularly. The oscillation in sensitivity occurs separately for the two ears, first one then the other, switching every one-tenth of a second. This occurs so rapidly that we are normally unaware of it, but it can be detected in highly sensitive experiments. Oscillations have previously been reported for visual perception but not in audition. One reason for the failure to detect auditory oscillations previously is that the sensitivity of the two ears have been assessed together, whereas the new work shows that sensitivity alternates between the two ears, a subtle phenomenon missed by past studies. The new findings are important for many reasons. First, they show that oscillations are a general feature of perception, and not specific to vision. Second, the alternation in sensitivity between the two ears suggests that the brain samples input from each alternately, focusing attention on one ear at a time, allowing the brain to tag the ear of origin, important for many perceptual tasks. Third, the study showed that not only does sensory sensitivity alternate at a specific rhythm, but decision criterion also oscillates at a subtly different frequency. http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)31320-9 Is vitamin D linked to fertility treatment success? UK researchers are calling for a randomised clinical trial to investigate the potential role of vitamin D supplementation in improving live birth rates after assisted reproduction treatment (ART). This follows a review and meta-analysis published in Human Reproduction that found a strong link between low vitamin D concentrations (≤ 75 nmol/L) in women and lower live birth rates after ART than in women with adequate levels (> 75 nmol/L). The researchers cautioned that their findings did not mean that vitamin D supplementation necessarily improved a woman’s chance of a baby following ART, as their research detected an association between vitamin D levels and live birth rate, but was not designed to determine a causal link. The researchers analysed data from 11 published studies that included 2700 women undergoing ART (in vitro fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or frozen embryo transfer) and whose blood levels of vitamin D had been measured. They found that the live birth rate was one-third higher in women with adequate vitamin D levels than in those with low levels. A similar result was seen when the researchers examined the results of pregnancy tests and clinical pregnancies (where a fetal heartbeat could be detected). Compared with women who had deficient (≤ 75 nmol/L) or insufficient concentrations of vitamin D (≤ 50 nmol/L), women with sufficient vitamin D were 34% more likely to have a positive pregnancy test and 46% more likely to achieve a clinical pregnancy. No associations were found between miscarriage and vitamin D concentrations. https://academic.oup.com/humrep/advance-article/doi/10.1093/humrep/dex326/4582928
Cate Swannell
Season's greetings from the MJA
The Medical Journal of Australia will be closed from noon Friday 22 December 2017 until we reopen on Tuesday 2 January 2018. For ScholarOne submissions: If you require your username and password to access MJA ScholarOne to submit all new manuscripts or a revised manuscript or you have been asked to peer review please click on this link https://www.mja.com.au/submissions Please note that the process and peer review of submissions will be delayed due to the academic break. The staff of the MJA and MJA InSight would like to wish you a festive summer break and a safe and happy New Year. Thank you to our readers, authors, reviewers, friends and colleagues for all your support and encouragement in 2017. See you in 2018!
From the MJA staff
Editorials
The MJA 2017: the year in review, and looking forward to 2018
Season’s greetings and the research year in review by the Editor-in-Chief
Nicholas J Talley
Planetary health
Safeguarding the health of future generations
The planet will continue to revolve in the face of declining ecosystem health and diversity, but how will the human species fare in 20, or 200, years?
Elizabeth O'Brien
Reflections
Neville Wran’s voice: how the Premier’s Teflon-coated vocal cords came unstuck
His gravelly voice became one of the successful politician’s most defining features
Evangelos Tseros · Faruque Riffat · Carsten E Palme · Hedley G Coleman · Narinder P Singh
Leadership lessons
Clinicians can bring to leadership a deep understanding of patients’ needs and the expertise to make a real difference
Lynne McKinlay
Winhanga-duri-nya (to reflect)
A bridge between Indigenous knowledge and peer-reviewed knowledge needs to be better built
Michelle Bovill
The clinical history
Carefully constructed clinical histories underlie successful patient-centred consultations
David B Williams
The aftermath of loss
Why had we all chosen specialties that walk hand in hand with the spectre of death — at once fighting and accepting its inevitability?
Catriona McNeil
Book/media/app reviews
Connecting basic science, clinical knowledge, research and patient communication
Training in medicine
Lambert WT Schuwirth
Understanding the function of health protection activities within public health practice
Health protection: principles and practice
Kudzai N Kanhutu
Mapping the historical causes of health inequalities
Health inequalities: critical perspectives
Elizabeth J Comino
Poems
Christmas competition
Tooth Fairy guilty of favouritism!
In Zürich she favours the less fortunate, and those who believe in her
Raphael Patcas · Hubertus JM van Waes · Moritz M Daum · Markus A Landolt
Stereotactic neurosurgery
Mr Ken Garoo presented with worsening severe bilateral lower limb pain
Peter Reed
The Specialty and Naughty/Nice Tendency Audit (SANTA): which medical specialists can be trusted to follow recipes?
Santa Claus should be careful when sampling baked offerings by the Christmas tree
Shian Miller · Tamara C Johnson
Towards a theoretically informed policy against a rakghoul plague outbreak
This highly unlikely threat can be managed — but only if we act soon-ish
Dimitrios-Georgios Kontopoulos · Theano Kontopoulou · Hsi-Cheng Ho · Bernardo García-Carreras
The “Christmas notch”: a novel use for the punch biopsy blade
This novel use of a punch biopsy blade is so quick, easy and effective that it is worth sharing
George Rahmani · John L Kelly
Terry’s parrot died: adventures in voice recognition
Voice recognition programs can create novel interpretations
Richard Travers
The five stages of grief towards accepting a rejection letter
Soldiering on in scientific publishing
Winda L Ng
Careers
Geeky side of medicine
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases sounds a long way from paediatrics, but Professor Jodie McVernon is living proof …
Cate Swannell
Around the universities and research institutes
Jean Hailes for Women’s Health has named Dr Vanda Fortunato as its next CEO, effective from 20 November, 2017. Dr Fortunato has spent the last 20 years in executive and strategic leadership roles in Australia and overseas, with significant experience in public health, primary care, not-for-profits, medical training, academia, pharmaceuticals, health insurance and consulting. She has extensive CEO experience in both the not-for-profit and commercial sectors. Most recently, Dr Fortunato was CEO of Macedon Ranges North Western Medicare Local in Victoria. Her experience also includes high-level roles in Medibank Private, Advanced Paediatric Life Support and Victoria University. She has also been a project director at the World Bank in Egypt and Pakistan. Dr Fortunato took over from Janet Michelmore, AO, who stepped down after several years as CEO during a period of significant organisational growth and development. https://jeanhailes.org.au/news/new-ceo-appointed-at-jean-hailes-for-womens-health The Melanoma Institute of Australia founding father, Professor William McCarthy, AM, has been awarded the Tom Reeve Award for Outstanding Contributions to Cancer Care by the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia. The award is given annually to a national leader who has made a significant contribution over a long period of time to cancer care through research, clinical leadership and community service. Professor McCarthy graduated from the University of Sydney in 1958 and trained in surgery at St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney. He then obtained a Master’s Degree in Medical Education at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and worked in various surgical registrar postings in the UK. Returning to Sydney in 1968, Professor McCarthy was appointed a lecturer in Surgery at the University of Sydney and a Visiting Medical Officer at Sydney Hospital where he worked with Professor Gerry Milton in the Sydney Melanoma Unit. His academic achievements include some 180 peer-reviewed publications over a span of 50 years. He was promoted steadily in the University, becoming Professor of Surgery (Melanoma and Skin Oncology) in 1990; a post he held until his retirement in 2005 when he was appointed Professor Emeritus. His contributions were recognised by appointment as a Member (AM) of the Order of Australia in 1993 and receipt of the World Health Organization Melanoma Award in 2001. He served on the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia Council and was President in 1992 and 1993. https://www.melanoma.org.au/news-events/news/founding-father-recognised-for-outstanding-cancer-care/ The Cancer Institute of NSW has presented the Premier’s Awards for Outstanding Research. Professor Richard Kefford, AM, was named Outstanding Cancer Researcher of the Year for his work in the field of melanoma. He has been a principal investigator on over 40 clinical trials exploring new immunotherapies. Professor David Goldstein won the Professor Rob Sutherland AO Make A Difference Award, for his work in the field of pancreatic cancer. Professor Richard Scolyer and Professor Georgina Long from the Melanoma Institute Australia won the Excellence in Translational Medicine Award for their key discoveries and transformative care for people with melanoma – from early stage disease to those with advanced stage disease. The Central West Cancer Care Centre won the Outstanding Cancer Clinical Trials Unit award for doubling the number of clinical trials open for recruitment. Professor Helen Rizos from the Melanoma Translational Research Team won the Wildfire Highly Cited Publication award for her study which was the first and largest to document the mechanisms of resistance in a large cohort of melanoma patients treated with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib. It has had 124 citations since publication on 1 April, 2014. Rebecca Poulos won the Rising Star PhD Candidate award for her research using “big data” to study DNA mutation and repair processes in regulatory regions of cancer genomes. Her research output includes seven first-author publications, including publications in the journals Nature and Cell Reports, together with a review article, invited editorial and invited book chapter. Dr Marina Pajic was named the Outstanding Cancer Research Fellow. As part of the International Cancer Genome Consortium sequencing effort, Dr Pajic has established a unique personalised medicine project for pancreatic cancer, and leads the Personalised Cancer Therapeutics Group at the Garvan Institute for Medical Research. https://www.cancerinstitute.org.au/about-us/events/premiers-research-awards Associate Professor Anne Cust from the University of Sydney and the Melanoma Institute Australia is the new president of the Australasian Epidemiological Association. A/Professor Cust leads the Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research Group at the University of Sydney’s School of Public Health. Her research focuses on melanoma epidemiology, prevention, early detection and survivorship, with a strong emphasis on translational outcomes. https://www.melanoma.org.au/news-events/news/congratulations/ Cardiologist Dr Bo Remenyi has been named as the Northern Territory’s Australian of the Year, for her “work in early detection, diagnosis and treatment [of rheumatic heart disease], as well as her advocacy for the communities she serves, [raising] awareness both nationally and internationally, leading to new treatments and better outcomes for patients”. Dr Remenyi came to Australia from Hungary as a child and became one of the country’s first paediatric cardiologists, inspired by her first job in a remote community — filling out the death certificates of children who’d died of preventable heart disease. “I really hope to use this award in the prevention of rheumatic heart disease,” she said. “Today we have a lot of focus on surgery and advanced management but really we need to take a step back and prevent this preventable disease.” http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-15/northern-territory-australian-of-the-year-winners-announced/9154302
News briefs
Cate Swannell
Investing in men’s health in Australia
James A Smith · Mick Adams · Jason Bonson
Regulating e-cigarettes in Australia: implications for tobacco use by young people
Luke Wolfenden · Emily Stockings · Sze Lin Yoong
News briefs
Cate Swannell
The future of health care in Australia
The Hon Catherine King
Challenging how tobacco is sold in Australia
Becky Freeman
Legal does not mean unaccountable: suing tobacco companies to recover health care costs
Ross MacKenzie · Eric LeGresley · Mike Daube