Volume 208 Issue 10

National guidelines are needed for internet-based research and to provide guidance on acceptable standards for storing evidence of informed consent

Laura Goddard · Fiona J Bruinsma · Graham G Giles

Better biomarkers are needed to ensure early and accurate detection and prognosis of prostate cancer

Doug Brooks · Ian N Olver · Adrian J Esterman

The first reported case of XDR-TB in Melbourne highlights the need for Australia to continue to support global TB control efforts

Adrian R Tramontana · David E Leslie · Aine Nolan · Maria Globan · Janet M Fyfe · Justin T Denholm · Stephen D Guy

Men who are being monitored may be more open to interventions for improving their general health and quality of life

David P Smith · Gary A Wittert

The needs of aged care residents are as diverse as when they were younger

Joseph E Ibrahim

Smaller scale models of care may better meet the preferences of residents and their families without increasing costs

Suzanne M Dyer · Enwu Liu · Emmanuel S Gnanamanickam · Rachel Milte · Tiffany Easton · Stephanie L Harrison · Clare E Bradley · Julie Ratcliffe · Maria Crotty

Almost three-quarters of men did not have follow-up investigations consistent with standard protocols

Melanie A Evans · Jeremy L Millar · Arul Earnest · Mark Frydenberg · Ian D Davis · Declan G Murphy · Paul Aidan Kearns · Sue M Evans

Preventive measures that reduce disease burden and minimise the broader impacts of our ageing population are needed

Andrea J Curtis · Richard Ofori-Asenso · Manoj Gambhir · John J McNeil

From its early infancy in 1986, it continues to evolve and is internationally recognised as demonstrating worldÕs best practices

Miranda A Paraskeva · Kovi C Levin · Glen P Westall · Gregory I Snell

Objectives: Codeine dependence is a significant public health problem, motivating the recent rescheduling of codeine in Australia (1 February 2018). To provide information for informing clinical responses, we undertook a systematic review of what is known about identifying and treating codeine dependence. Study design: Articles published in English that described people who were codeine-dependent or a clinical approach to treating people who were codeine-dependent, without restriction on year of publication, were reviewed. Articles not including empirical data were excluded. One researcher screened each abstract; two researchers independently reviewed full text articles. Study quality was assessed, and data were extracted with standardised tools. Data sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for relevant publications on 22 November 2016. The reference lists of eligible studies were searched to identify further relevant publications. 2150 articles were initially identified, of which 41 were eligible for inclusion in our analysis. Data synthesis: Studies consistently reported specific characteristics associated with codeine dependence, including mental health comorbidity and escalation of codeine use attributed to psychiatric problems. Case reports and series described codeine dependence masked by complications associated with overusing simple analgesics and delayed detection. Ten studies described the treatment of codeine dependence. Three reports identified a role for behavioural therapy; the efficacy of CYP inhibitors in a small open label trial was not confirmed in a randomised controlled trial; four case series/chart reviews described opioid agonist therapy and medicated inpatient withdrawal; two qualitative studies identified barriers related to perceptions of codeine-dependent people and treatment providers, and confirmed positive perceptions and treatment outcomes achieved with opioid agonist treatments. Conclusion: Strategies for identifying problematic codeine use are needed. Identifying codeine dependence in clinical settings is often delayed, contributing to serious morbidity. Commonly described approaches for managing codeine dependence include opioid taper, opioid agonist treatment, and psychological therapies. These approaches are consistent with published evidence for pharmaceutical opioid dependence treatment and with broader frameworks for treating opioid dependence. PROSPERO registration: CRD42016052129.

Suzanne Nielsen · Tim MacDonald · Jacinta L Johnson

To the Editor:With the release of the 2017 Australia’s Health Tracker by Socio-economic Status1 comes the latest evidence of an unjust health divide in Australia. With few exceptions, people who are more socially disadvantaged have worse health than their advantaged counterparts — a paradigm known as the social gradient of health.1 Despite increased need, socially disadvantaged individuals are less likely to access health care compared with advantaged people.2 It was refreshing, therefore, to read that the federal Shadow Minister for Health and Medicare Catherine King has placed health inequities front and centre of the Australian Labor Party health strategy, highlighting the importance of equitable prevention and public health and pledging to reduce the inequities in access to health care.3 Only 1.3% of the total Australian health expenditure is dedicated to the prevention of non-communicable diseases, much of which is directed at behavioural factors, including physical inactivity, poor diet and smoking1 — all of which are known to influence non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.4 However, focusing primarily on behaviour ignores the wider context of health problems: the social, economic and cultural factors influencing that behaviour.5 The mounting costs of living and insecure employment increase vulnerability to non-communicable diseases. Improving the availability of affordable housing, quality employment and educational opportunities may better serve individuals at the economic margins, thereby addressing the stark inequities observed between advantaged and disadvantaged people. Dealing with these inequities would achieve discrete sectoral and health goals, providing cost-effective intersectoral cobenefits. What then is the role, for example, of the employment or educational sectors in driving the policies that address the socio-economic conditions which ultimately contribute to a healthy Australia? What is role for the health sector? The Department of Health could play a stewardship role, supporting and enabling other government agencies to manage their own sectoral goals while positively influencing health outcomes. Dealing with health inequities requires an intersectoral approach, a long term view, courageous leadership at the highest executive level, and support by an empowered public sector based on principles of fairness. Australia must act on social determinants of health and address this major problem for the health of our society.

Sharon L Brennan-Olsen · Sharon Friel

To the Editor:We read with interest the recent position statement on the management of non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) published in the Journal.1 This considered statement reflects recent guidelines from national and international urological societies, including the American Urological Association, the European Association of Urology, the International Continence Society, the Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand and the UroGynaecological Society of Australasia. In recognition of the often repeated phrase in urological research “the bladder is an unreliable witness”, there has been an increasing emphasis on addressing factors beyond the bladder when managing patients with OAB and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).2 The authors of the MJA statement deal with this issue more than most by encouraging their readers to be mindful of known OAB risk factors and comorbid conditions. However, one condition in particular, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), continues to be overlooked in the diagnosis and management of OAB and LUTS. Our group has previously shown a substantial burden of undiagnosed OSA in a large sample of community-based men aged 40 years and over, with 53% of men without prior diagnosis shown to have some degree of OSA, of which 14% and 12% were found to have moderate and severe OSA, respectively.3 We also demonstrated an independent association between nocturia — the most frequent and bothersome of the OAB symptoms2 — and the presence of moderate to severe OSA, with such men showing a 52% adjusted risk increase for the presence of nocturia.3 Recent systematic reviews of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of nocturia indicated a mean standardised difference of −2.28 episodes per night (95% confidence interval, −2.42 to −2.15) between treatment groups in patients with nocturia.4 This difference is comparable to the efficacy observed with frontline treatments for this condition. Nocturia and other OAB symptoms are also known to be sentinel markers of cardiovascular disease,5 providing further motivation for dealing with known risk factors, such as OSA, in the management of OAB. We believe that it would be helpful to include recommendations to assess for the presence of OSA in patients presenting with nocturia, either alone or in combination with other OAB-related symptoms.

Sean A Martin · Nicholas R Brook · Gary A Wittert

In reply

Eric Chung

Dr Phillipp de Cros, an infectious diseases specialist at the Burnet Institute, has been awarded the Royal Australasian College of Physicians’ International Medal for 2018, for his work in tuberculosis research and clinical service. The RACP Medal recognises a member who has provided outstanding service in developing countries, in particular, for people in crisis. The winner must have made a significant and sustained contribution to clinical service; played a leading role in promotion, collaboration and advocacy; and demonstrated a proven commitment to mentoring, education and training. Dr du Cros was nominated primarily for his work to implement multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) programs for independent medical humanitarian organisation Medécins sans Frontières (MSF) in Africa, the former Soviet Union and Asia over more than 10 years. The award also recognises his former role as head of MSF’s UK-based team of medical specialists, the Manson Unit, his mentoring of staff for outbreak response, development of a diploma course in tropical medicine and hygiene, and work to facilitate operational research. Dr du Cros commenced at Burnet Institute in October 2017, joining the TB Elimination and Implementation Science Working Group, focusing on the Asia-Pacific Region, in particular countries with large TB epidemics such as Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. https://www.burnet.edu.au/news/952_prestigious_physicians_award_for_burnet_tb_researcher Two researchers from the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre have won Victorian Premier’s awards. Dr Gabrielle Haeusler won the Health Services Researcher category for her work improving research and care of febrile neutropenia in childhood cancer patients. Febrile neutropenia (FN) is the most common complication of childhood cancer treatment. In Australia, hospitals do not have low-risk FN programs which would enable children at low risk of infection to be safely managed at home, improving quality of life and reducing health care costs. Dr Haeusler’s PhD aimed to standardise the way paediatric FN research is conducted across the world, understand how FN in children is managed in Australia and to test how children with low-risk FN can be better identified in Victoria. As a result international experts agreed on a list of core research outcomes and definitions to standardise FN research and ensure relevant results for medical staff and patients across the globe. Research results are being implemented at Melbourne’s Royal Children’s Hospital to reduce hospital admissions by up to 4 days in children with low-risk FN, and are informing the NHMRC-funded Predicting Infectious Complications in Children with Cancer (PICNICC) project, linking eight paediatric cancer hospitals, ensuring all children with cancer across Australia benefit from these findings. Dr Benjamin Teh won the Clinical Researcher category for his work to improve the care of infections in patients with blood cancer multiple myeloma treated with new generation therapies. Infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with myeloma (MM) cancer. Patterns and risk factors for serious infections remain undefined despite increasing use of new generation anti-myeloma drugs. Assessing the risk for infection is also becoming more challenging as these drugs have wide effects on the immune system. The research aims were to address gaps in knowledge about infection pattern and risk factors for a range of serious infections and to improve infection care by trialling the use of immune profiling to predict future risk for infection. The findings have advanced knowledge of infections in patients with MM, contributed significantly to the scientific literature in this field and by helping to predict and prevent infections, changed clinical practice. https://www.petermac.org/news/premiers-award-peter-mac-researchers Malaria researcher Kerryn Moore, from the Burnet Institute, has won two prizes at the Victorian Premier’s Awards for Health and Medical Research. Ms Moore was awarded the Public Health prize and the award for overall Excellence. Her research on the impact of malaria in pregnancy on birth outcomes in Asia has influenced World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on treatment. Ms Moore completed her PhD under the supervision of Burnet Deputy Program Director, Maternal and Child Health, Associate Professor Freya Fowkes, Professor Julie Simpson (University of Melbourne), and Professor Rose McGready of the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit in Thailand. “Kerryn’s research has had major implications on WHO best practice for the control, prevention and treatment of malaria in pregnancy,” Associate Professor Fowkes said. “She has truly made an original contribution to exploration of an important topic in malaria and global public health.” https://www.burnet.edu.au/news/941_premier_s_awards_for_burnet_researcher Dr Kate Hayward, from the Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, has been awarded the Bayer Science and Education Foundation’s Early Excellence in Science Award (Medical Science category). The prize, worth EUR 10 000, was awarded by an independent scientific committee. The Bayer foundation presents these Early Excellence in Science Awards to excellent young scientists and physicians in the early stages of their academic and clinical research careers. The prizes will be awarded on 25 June at the Bayer Foundation Day in Berlin. Dr Hayward is a clinician-neuroscientist who completed her Bachelor of Physiotherapy at James Cook University, her PhD in Rehabilitation Sciences at the University of Queensland, and the first phase of her NHMRC Early Career Fellowship at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. Her research to date has focused on upper limb rehabilitation as a model to understand the neurobiology of recovery post-stroke. Her work has demonstrated that current approaches to upper limb rehabilitation help patients recover a little bit of function, but do not enable patients to achieve large, clinically meaningful gains. Current approaches are likely limited because they are one-size-fits-all; offering too little rehabilitation too late in the recovery timeline. Her current work aims to leverage within human stroke trials the knowledge about neurobiology defined in preclinical models of stroke. Her clinical trials are designed to support development of new approaches that are focused on “right patient, time, intervention and dose”. Dr Hayward’s work is aligned with the international vision of the Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery Roundtable taskforce, of which she is a member. This international talent award was first presented in 2009. It is awarded in the three categories biology, chemistry and medical science. The selection is made on the basis of the originality and quality of candidates’ research and the significance of this work for the respective award category. https://www.florey.edu.au/dr-kate-hayward-wins-bayer-foundation-prize

Cate Swannell

This calendar will be updated each month. If you have an event you would like to add, please include relevant details in an email to cswannell@mja.com.au. June 6 RACGP Tas: Let’s talk women’s health: Menopause, HRT and dysmenorrhea, TBC 6-9 2018 Port Douglas Heart Meeting and Expo, Port Douglas, QLD 7 6th Mabel Research and Policy Forum, TBC 7-8 2018 International Dementia Conference: Mission Impossible: truth and lies in the age of choice Sydney, NSW 7-9 Rural Doctors Association of Queensland 29th Annual Conference, TBC 8 RACGP WA: Clinical cases and conversations, Perth, WA 8-10 AOA Queensland 2018 Annual Scientific Meeting, Noosa, QLD 9 RACGP WA: Addiction medicine, Fremantle, WA 9-10 RANZCO Tasmanian Branch ASM, Hobart, TAS 9-10 Critical Care Imaging Interpretation 2018, Brisbane, QLD 14-16 2nd International Conference and Expo on Cataract and Advanced Eye Care, Melbourne, VIC 15 RACGP Social Network, Alice Springs, NT 15-16 ANZCA Rural SIG Meeting, Ayers Rock Resort, NT 15-16 RACGP Vic Women in GP Committee: A sexual health medley: detect, prevent and treat, Melbourne, VIC 15-17 Australasian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Non-Surgical Symposium 2018, Gold Coast, QLD 16-17 Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand Snapshots 2018, Melbourne, VIC 18 World Continence Week 21-23 Renal Society of Australasia annual conference: Lighting the path to success, Adelaide, SA 22-23 ASOHNS Head and Neck Cadaver Dissection Course, Brisbane, QLD 22-24 2018 Australasian Orthopaedic Trauma Society meeting, Noosa, QLD 23-24 Australasian Gynaecological Endoscopy and Surgery Society Trainee Workshop, Sydney, NSW 23-24 Oncology Imaging Interpretation 2018, Sydney, NSW 24-28 Missioncraft 2018 Leadership in Disaster Relief Workshop, Melbourne, VIC 27-29 Australian & New Zealand Society for Geriatric Medicine Annual Scientific Meeting 2018, Sydney, NSW 27-29 SimGHOSTS 2018, Sunshine Coast, QLD 28-29 Introduction to Healthcare Research, Melbourne, VIC 29 Essential Biostatistics, Melbourne, VIC JULY TBA AMSA National Convention 2018, Perth, WA 1-4 Australian & New Zealand Association for Health Professional Educators Conference, Hobart, TAS 1-4 Australian Society for Microbiology ASM 2018, Brisbane, QLD 4-5 Sax Institute: Knowledge mobilisation 2018, Sydney, NSW 4-7 Australian Society of Gynaecologic Oncologists ASM 2018, Taupo, NZ 8-10 Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group 10th Anniversary ASM 2018, Sydney, NSW 9-11 20th Asia Pacific Diabetes Conference: Therapeutic Approaches for Diabetes Management and Endocrine Complications, Sydney, NSW 12-13 Hematologists Global Summit 2018, Sydney, NSW 12-14 RANZCO Paediatrics SIG ASM, Noosa Heads, QLD 13-15 Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand ASM 2018, Cairns, QLD 13-15 RANZP Section of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry Conference, Brisbane, QLD 15-19 25th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development 2018, Gold Coast, QLD 16-18 21st World Nursing Education Conference, Melbourne, VIC 20 AOA South Australia/Northern Territory Branch Annual Scientific Meeting, Darwin, NT 22 ASOHNS 2018 Robert Guerin Memorial Annual Trainees Meeting, TBA 23-24 AGES Trainee Workshop, Sydney, NSW 23-29 National Pain Week 26-28 Australian and New Zealand Head and Neck Cancer Society 20th and the International Society for Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Joint ASM 2018, Melbourne, VIC 27-28 WA TSANZ Annual Scientific Meeting, Floreat, WA 27-28 SWAN 2018: Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery Conference, Sydney, NSW 27-29 Pharmaceutical Society of Australia PSA 18 Conference, Sydney, NSW 28 Sydney Eye Hospital Alumni Association 12th Biennial Meeting, Sydney, NSW 28 Annual ANZCA/ASA Combined CME Meeting, Melbourne, VIC 28 Australian ADHD Professionals Association 2nd Annual Conference, Sydney, NSW 28-29 General Practice Conference and Exhibition, Perth, WA 29 Jul-1 Aug Health Informatics Society of Australia HIC 2018, Sydney, NSW 30-31 ANZICS Safety and Quality Conference, Melbourne, VIC 30 Jul-1 Aug Australian Cardiovascular Health and Rehabilitation Association 28th ASM, Brisbane, QLD AUGUST 1-3 Medical Oncology Group of Australia ASM 2018, Adelaide, SA 1-5 International Society for Heart Research 2018 ISHR-AUS Section Meeting, Brisbane, QLD 2-4 Australasian Gynaecological Endoscopy and Surgery Society Pelvic Floor Symposium, Brisbane, QLD 2-4 Australian Society for Psychosocial Obstetrics and Gynaecology 44th ASM: Women’s Health, Lives and Rights, Sydney, NSW 2-5 CSANZ 2018: 66th ASM of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, Brisbane, QLD 2-5 RANZCO Queensland Branch ASM, Main Beach, QLD 3-4 AGES XIX Pelvic Floor Symposium 2018, Brisbane, QLD 3-5 12th Annual Australia and New Zealand Endovascular Therapies Meeting, Brisbane, QLD 4-7 Human Genetics Society of Australasia 42nd ASM 2018: Building bridges, Sydney, NSW 7-10 Stroke Society of Australasia 28th ASM, Sydney, NSW 8-10 Australian and New Zealand Mental Health Association 19th International Mental Health Conference 2018, Gold Coast, QLD 10-12 Stoller: A Comprehensive Review in Musculoskeletal Imaging 2018, Melbourne, VIC 14-16 Otitis Media Australia 2018: Closing the gap with hearing, Darwin, NT 15-17 TSANZ NZ Branch Annual Scientific Meeting, Queenstown, NZ 15-18 17th World Congress on Cancers of the Skin, Sydney, NSW 16-17 Colorectal Cancer Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 16-19 16th International Congress of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology 2018, Brisbane, QLD 17-19 Endocrine Society of Australia Clinical Weekend 2018, Adelaide, SA 17-19 RANZP Section Electroconvulsive Therapy and Neurostimulation 2018 Conference, Yarra Valley Lodge, VIC 18 3rd Update in Paediatric Gastroenterology, Sydney, NSW 19-22 Endocrine Society of Australia and the Society for Reproductive Biology ASM 2018, Adelaide, SA 22-24 Australian Diabetes Society and Australian Diabetes Educators Association ASM 2018, Adelaide, SA 24-26 Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society 2018, Adelaide, SA 24-26 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Faculty of Psychotherapy Annual Conference 2018, Adelaide, SA 24-26 Seminars in Paediatric Neuroimaging 2018, Adelaide, SA 26-29 Don’t Forget the Bubbles Acute Paediatric Conference 2018: Science + story, Melbourne, VIC 27 ANZICS 9th Annual Winter Research Forum, Sydney, NSW 27-31 14th International Congress of Neuroimmunology 2018, Brisbane, QLD 28-30 Australian College of Nursing National Nursing Forum, Gold Coast, QLD 28-31 The MHS Conference 2018: Hear the whisper, not the roar: reform, reflect and review, Adelaide, SA 29-31 GeneMappers 2018, Noosa Heads, QLD 29-31 Neurosurgical Society of Australasia ASM 2018, Gold Coast, QLD 29 Aug-2 Sep Society for Paediatric Anaesthesia in New Zealand and Australia 2018 Annual Conference, Darwin, NT 30 Aug-1 Sep 2018 Annual Conference of the Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatric Society of Australasia, Melbourne, VIC 30 Aug-1 Sep Frontiers 2018 - The Art, Science and Future of Otorhinolaryngology, Cairns, QLD 31 Aug-2 Sep 22nd Australasian Menopause Society Congress 2018, Brisbane, QLD SEPTEMBER 3-5 11th World Congress on Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorders, Auckland, NZ 3-5 Australasian Association of Clinical Biochemists 56th ASM 2018, Sydney, 2018 4-8 Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy 29th ASM 2018, Canberra, ACT 5-6 International Emergency Care Conference, Melbourne, VIC 6-7 Australian Association of Developmental Disability Medicine 2018 Conference, Sydney, NSW 6-7 Australian and New Zealand Metabolic and Obesity Surgery Society ASM 2018, Melbourne, VIC 6-8 Triennial Masters' Symposium on Functional and Aesthetic Rhinoplasty, Sydney, NSW 6-8 Internal Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand (IMSANZ) Conference 2018, Queenstown, NZ 6-8 RANZCP Faculty of Forensic Psychiatry Conference 2018: Torts and chains: adventures in Forensic Psychiatry, Sydney, NSW 6-9 Australian and New Zealand Society for Palliative Medicine 2018: New frontiers, Sydney, NSW 8-10 Australian Gastroenterology Week 2018, Brisbane, QLD 8-12 Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology 54th ASM 2018, Sydney, NSW 9-12 Fertility Society of Australia Annual Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 10-12 BMJ International Forum on Quality & Safety in Healthcare, Melbourne, VIC 11-13 GPTEC 2018: Switch on, Adelaide, SA 12-14 Australia and New Zealand Child Neurology Society 7th ASM 2018, Perth, WA 13-14 NOSA Annual Meeting 2018, Melbourne, VIC 13-15 57th Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) of the International Spinal Cord Society (ISCoS), Sydney, NSW 13-16 Neuro-Ophthalmology Society of Australia (NOSA) 34th Clinical & Scientific Meeting and NeuroVision Training Weekend, Melbourne, VIC 14 ASID/ESCMID Course on Infectious Diseases in Pregnant Women, Fetuses and Newborns, Sydney, NSW 14-16 Internal Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand (IMSANZ) Conference 2018, Hobart, TAS 14-16 General Practice Conference and Exhibition, Brisbane, QLD 14-16 39th Australasian Dermatopathology Society ASM, Adelaide, SA 14-16 Australian Psychosis Conference, Sydney, NSW 15-16 Neurovision, Melbourne, VIC 16-19 RANZCOG 2018 Annual Scientific Meeting, Adelaide, SA 17-18 PharmaAus18, Canberra, ACT 20-23 Australasian Society of Cosmetic Dermatologists Symposium, Melbourne, VIC 21 Pain Interest Group Nursing Issues Professional Development Day, Sydney, NSW 21-23 ANZCA Combined SIG Meeting, Byron Bay, NSW 24 The 6th Australian Health Economics Doctoral Workshop, Hobart, TAS 24-26 Australasian HIV and AIDS Conference 2018, Sydney, NSW 25-26 The 40th Annual Australian Health Economics Society Conference, Hobart, TAS 26-28 AIDA Conference 2018: Vision into action, Perth, WA OCTOBER 2-5 SSEM 2018: Peripheral Hospitals Emergency Medicine Conference, Daydream Island, QLD 2-6 32nd International Papillomavirus Conference, Sydney, NSW 4-6 International Society for Hip Arthroscopy 2018 ASM, Melbourne, VIC 5-6 ANZCA Cardiac Thoracic Vascular and Perfusion SIG Meeting, Adelaide, SA 5-6 Australasian Melanoma Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 5-7 Australasian Trauma Society 22nd ASM, Perth, WA 6-8 MRI – Upper and Lower Limb Interpretation Workshop 2018, Sydney, NSW 6-9 Australian Society of Anaesthetists National Scientific Congress 2018, Adelaide, SA 7-10 Australian and New Zealand Society of Occupational Medicine (ANZSOM) Annual Scientific Meeting 2018: Perspectives in Occupational Health, Melbourne, VIC 7-11 Australian Orthopaedic Association ASM 2018: Better Patient Outcomes, Perth, WA 10-12 IHF World Hospital Congress 2018, Brisbane, QLD 10-13 Sports Medicine Australia 2018, Perth, WA 11-12 Sydney Cancer Conference, Sydney, NSW 11-13 ANZICS/ACCCN Intensive Care ASM, Adelaide, SA 11-13 Melbourne International Breast Congress, jointly held with the Australasian Society for Breast Disease, 4th World Congress on Controversies in Breast Cancer and Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand, Melbourne, VIC 11-14 RACGP: GP18, Gold Coast, QLD 12-14 Australasian Military Medicine Association 27th Conference: Armistice to Afghanistan: Evolution of military healthcare, Canberra, ACT 16-19 71st Annual General and Scientific Meeting of the New Zealand Society of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Queenstown, NZ 16-19 Australian and New Zealand Burn Association ASM 2018, Brisbane, QLD 17-20 Australasian Sleep Association Sleep DownUnder 2018, Brisbane, QLD 17-20 Australasian Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons 22nd Annual Conference 2018, Noosa, QLD 17-20 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists’ Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Conference 2018, Perth, WA 18-20 Australian and New Zealand Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Annual Meeting 2018, Perth, WA 19-20 2018 RACS Victorian Annual Scientific Meeting, Melbourne, VIC 20-21 Australasian College of Legal Medicine 2018 ASM: Personal injury law, Sydney, NSW 21-24 Combined ASM of the Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand, the Australian and New Zealand Society of Blood Transfusion and the Thrombosis and Haemostasis Society of Australia and New Zealand, Brisbane, QLD 22-24 Australasian Epidemiological Association 31st ASM, Fremantle, WA 24-27 27th National Conference on Incontinence, Hobart, TAS 24-27 General Practice and Acute Medicine Update Refresher, Melbourne, VIC 25-26 Emergency Nurse Leadership Program, Melbourne, VIC 25-27 ANZCA Perioperative Medicine SIG Meeting, TBA 25-27 Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia and New Zealand and the Colon and Rectal Surgery Section of the RACS Spring Colorectal Meeting 2018, Fremantle, WA 25-27 25-28 2018 RANZCR 69th ASM, Canberra, ACT 25-28 Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine and Rural Doctors Association of Australia: Rural Medicine Australia 2018, Darwin, NT 26-28 Australian Anaesthesia Allied Health Practitioners 3rd National Conference, Sydney, NSW 28 Oct-1 Nov Cutaneous Biology 2018, North Stradbroke Island, QLD 31 Oct-2 Nov 20th Australasian Gastro-Intestinal Trials Group ASM 2018, Brisbane, QLD NOVEMBER 1-4 General Practice and Acute Medicine Update Refresher, Brisbane, QLD 2-3 Australasian Gynaecological Endoscopy and Surgical Society Focus Meeting, Canberra, ACT 3-4 14th National Laser and Cosmetic Medicine Conference 2018, Brisbane, QLD 7-9 Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District Together Achieving Better Health Conference, Penrith, NSW 7-10 RANZCP Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age and the Asian Society Against Dementia Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 8-10 New Zealand Anaesthesia Annual Scientific Meeting 2018, Auckland, NZ 8-10 RANZCP Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age and the Asian Society Against Dementia Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 9 Health Information Technology, Perth, WA 10-17 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference, Sydney, NSW 11-14 11th International Conference on Frontotemporal Dementias, Sydney, NSW 13-15 Clinical Oncology Society of Australia 2018 ASM, Perth, WA 16-18 General Practice Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, VIC 17-18 Critical Care Imaging Interpretation 2018, Noosa Heads, QLD 17-21 50th Annual Scientific Congress of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists, Adelaide, SA 18-22 Australasian College for Emergency Medicine, 35th ASM, Perth, WA 21-22 2nd Australasian FASD Conference 2018, Perth, WA 21-23 11th Hospital in the Home ASM: LEARN: Lead, engage, aspire, research, negotiate, Brisbane, QLD 21-23 Australian Association of Gerontology Conference 2018, Melbourne, VIC 21-24 6th Asia-Oceanian Conference of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine combined with the Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand's 3rd Annual Scientific Meeting, Auckland, NZ 21-24 Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 2018 Annual Conference: Sins of the past: reflections and future directions, Hobart, TAS 21-24 General Practice and Acute Medicine Update Refresher, Sydney, NSW 23-25 Queensland Hand Surgery Society Conference, Noosa, QLD 26-28 1st International Motor Impairment Conference, Sydney, NSW 27-28 7th Annual NHMRC Symposium on Research Translation: Ensuring value in research, Sydney, NSW DECEMBER 1 Australasian Gynaecological Endoscopy and Surgery Society Pelvic Anatomy Dissection Cadaveric Workshop, Brisbane, QLD 2-6 Australasian Society for Immunology 47th ASM 2018, Perth, WA 2019 JANUARY TBA 12th Australasian Conference on Health Informatics and Knowledge Management 14-16 31st Australian Council for Health, Physical Education and Recreation International Conference, Canberra, ACT FEBRUARY TBA The Australian and New Zealand Glaucoma Society ASM 8-10 Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians Annual Scientific Conference, Queenstown, NZ 25 Feb-1 Mar Leadership and Innovation in Health, Melbourne, VIC MARCH TBA Medical Parents of Australia and New Zealand Conference, Gold Coast, QLD TBA Australasian Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine 10th Biennial Scientific Conference, Perth, WA 1-2 Australia and New Zealand Strabismus Society Meeting (Squint Club), Parkville, VIC 7-10 New Zealand Pain Society ASM, Christchurch, NZ 17-20 Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand Annual Congress, Gold Coast, QLD 22-24 ASOHNS 69th Annual Scientific Meeting, South Brisbane, QLD 25-30 International Neuromodulation Society 14th World Congress, Sydney, NSW 27-28 9th Annual Australian Healthcare Week, Sydney, NSW 27-30 8th World Glaucoma Congress, Melbourne, VIC 29 Mar-2 Apr Annual Scientific Meetings of The Australia and New Zealand Society of Respiratory Science and The Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, Gold Coast, QLD APRIL 7-10 2019 Australian Pain Society 39th ASM, Gold Coast, QLD 11-13 Biennial meeting of the Asia Pacific Society of Sexual Medicine, Brisbane, QLD 12-15 ISN World Congress of Nephrology 2019, Melbourne, VIC 13-16 Urological Society of Australia and New Zealand 72nd ASM, including the ANZUNS 24th annual meeting, Brisbane, QLD MAY TBA RACP Congress 2019, Auckland, NZ 18-21 Australasian College of Dermatologists Annual Scientific Meeting, Melbourne, VIC 25-30 International Neuromodulation Society 14th World Congress, Sydney, NSW JUNE 18-20 Global Health Security 2019, Sydney, NSW 25-28 International Society on Early Intervention Conference 2019: Research to practice in early intervention: an international perspective, Sydney, NSW JULY 27-30 Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand PGC and ASM, Sydney, NSW AUGUST 12-16 17th Deaf Blind International World Conference 2019, Gold Coast, QLD SEPTEMBER 7-8 Rural Dermatology Meeting, Orange, NSW 15-19 14th World Congress on Inflammation, Sydney, NSW 29 Sep-2 Oct 18th Biennial Clinical Neurophysiology Workshop, Gold Coast, QLD OCTOBER TBA RACGP conference, GP19 14-18 World Congress of Intensive Care, Melbourne, VIC 20-23 11th Development Origins of Health and Disease World Congress, Melbourne, VIC NOVEMBER 17-19 10th World Congress of Itch, Sydney, NSW 2020 APRIL 2-4 Exercise and Sports Science Australia Research to Practice 2020, Perth, WA MAY 16-18 Australasian College of Dermatologists Annual Scientific Meeting, Adelaide, SA 2021 NOVEMBER 10-13 XIII International Congress of Dermatology, Melbourne, VIC DECEMBER TBA FIGO World Congress of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sydney, NSW

Cate Swannell