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Examination of the shoulder joint

Michelle T Leech and Stephen T Hall
Med J Aust 2016; 205 (10): . || doi: 10.5694/mja16.00507
Published online: 21 November 2016

The shoulder joint could be described as a trade-off between range and stability. The striking range of movement of this joint is achieved by its shallow articulation and a dynamic cuff of the shoulder muscles and their associated tendons. It is therefore not surprising that ageing has more impact on the soft tissues of the shoulder than on other more stable and less dynamic joints.


  • 1 Monash University, Melbourne, VIC
  • 2 Cabrini Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC


Correspondence: michelle.leech@monash.edu

Acknowledgements: 

We thank Seema Menon for the preparation of the medical illustrations.

Competing interests:

No relevant disclosures.

  • 1. Gill TK, Shanahan EM, Allison D, et al. Prevalence of abnormalities on shoulder MRI in symptomatic and asymptomatic older adults. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 17: 863-871.
  • 2. Sambandam SN, Khanna V, Gul A, Mounasamy V. Rotator cuff tears: an evidence based approach. World J Orthop 2015; 6: 902-918.
  • 3. Greenberg DL. Evaluation and treatment of shoulder pain. Med Clin North Am 2014; 2014: 487-504.

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