Letters
Child health Environmental health Emergency medicine
Volume 191 - Issue 9

Straight to the emergency department: burns in children caused by hair-straightening devices

Authors:  Zoe M Poiner, Michael D Kerr, Belinda A Wallis and Roy M Kimble

Med J Aust 2009; 191 (9): 516-517. || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02919.x
Published online: 2 November 2009
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To the Editor: Contact burns in children caused by hair-straightening devices are increasingly common. Although the dangers of hair dryers and other similar devices are well known,1 there is less awareness of the risks associated with hair straighteners. The relevant Australian Standard does not mention hair straighteners.2 Four recent studies from the United Kingdom have reported on this problem,3-6 but there is no readily identifiable published information from Australia.

Hair straighteners consist of two opposing ceramic plates that are held apart when not in use. The plates are reported to reach average temperatures of 169.5°C within 4 minutes 20 seconds of being switched on. They can cause burns (temperature > 66°C) on short-term contact (10 seconds) for a period of up to 9 minutes 20 seconds after being switched off,3 and can take 30 minutes to cool to below 50°C, at which temperature they can cause superficial burns on prolonged contact.

Using data collected by the Stuart Pegg Paediatric Burns Centre at the Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, and the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit, we identified 22 patients treated for hair-straightener injuries between January 2004 and June 2009. Sixteen of these were treated within the past 2 years.

The median age of patients was 43.4 months (range, 9 months to 14 years). A mean of 1% of total body surface area was involved. Injuries were to the forearm and hands (16 patients) (Box), foot and lower leg (five patients), and the back (one patient). The burns were significant, with 19 partial-thickness burns, and three full-thickness burns requiring surgery. Nine of the 22 children (41%) required long-term scar management.

We observed two typical patterns of injury. In toddlers (16 patients aged 9–48 months), the main mechanism of injury was grasping or pulling down a hair straightener that was either turned on or cooling, with inadequate supervision a common factor. An early-teen group (three patients) had self-inflicted burns from accidental contact or misuse, including one patient who misguidedly used the device in an attempt to remove leg hair, sustaining full-thickness burns requiring skin grafting.

Increased awareness of the potential dangers of hair straighteners might help prevent burns. We suggest four precautions:

Burns to a toddler’s hand caused by contact with a hair-straightening device

Authors

  • Zoe M Poiner1
  • Michael D Kerr1
  • Belinda A Wallis1,2
  • Roy M Kimble1,2
  • 1. University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD.
  • 2. Royal Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD.

Correspondence: RCHburns@somc.uq.edu.au

References

View this article on Wiley Online Library

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