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Atkins and the new diet revolution: is it really time for regimen change?

Malcolm D Riley and John Coveney
Med J Aust 2004; 181 (10): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06434.x
Published online: 15 November 2004

Weight loss occurs in the short term, but not enough is known to recommend long term use

After health professionals have promoted a low fat, high carbohydrate model of eating for more than 20 years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australia (as elsewhere) has climbed.1 Very few people are able to attain and maintain a truly low fat eating plan, but that has not stopped the low fat orthodoxy being blamed for the obesity epidemic.2 Yet, it is not sufficient to focus on a single aspect of diet — low fat diets are not intrinsically “healthy”, especially if they contain high levels of simple sugars, low levels of complex carbohydrates and are nutrient poor.


  • 1 Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC.
  • 2 Department of Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA.


Correspondence: 

  • 1. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australia’s health 2002. Canberra: AIHW, 2004. (AIHW Catalogue No. AUS-25.)
  • 2. Goldberg J, Belury M, Elam P, et al. The obesity crisis: don’t blame it on the pyramid. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 1141-1147.
  • 3. Atkins RC. Dr Atkins new diet revolution. New York: Avon Books, 2002.
  • 4. Bravata DM, Sanders L, Huang J, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-carbohydrate diets. JAMA 2003; 289: 1837-1850.
  • 5. Yancy WS Jr, Olsen MK, Guyton JR, et al. A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 69-77.
  • 6. Stern L, Iqbal N, Seshadri P, et al. The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one-year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2004; 140: 778-785.
  • 7. Brehm BJ, Seeley RJ, Daniels SR, D’Alessio DA. A randomized trial comparing a very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 1617-1623.
  • 8. Bray G. Low carbohydrate diets and realities of weight loss. JAMA 2003; 289: 1853-1855.
  • 9. Seshadri P. A calorie by any name is still a calorie. Arch Intern Med 2004; 164: 1702-1703.
  • 10. Astrup A, Larsen TM, Harper A. Atkins and other low carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss? Lancet 2004; 364: 897-899.
  • 11. Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2082-2090.
  • 12. Ornish D. Was Dr Atkins right? J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 537-542.
  • 13. National Heart Foundation. Position statement on very low carbohydrate diets. Canberra: NHF, April 2004. Available at: www.heartfoundation.com.au/downloads/Very_low_carb_dietsPP_04.pdf (accessed Oct 2004).

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