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Management of chronic low back pain

Nikolai Bogduk
Med J Aust 2004; 180 (10): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2004.tb06071.x
Published online: 17 May 2004

Nikolai Bogduk


  • Department of Clinical Research, Royal Newcastle Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2300.



  • 1. Bogduk N, McGuirk B. Medical management of acute and chronic low back pain. An evidence-based approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.
  • 2. Waddell G. The back pain revolution. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998.
  • 3. McGuirk B, King W, Govind J, et al. The safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute low back pain in primary care. Spine 2001; 26: 2615-2622.
  • 4. Mastroianni T. Personal reflections. Australian Pain Society newsletter, Feb 2004: 6-7.
  • 5. Schwarzer AC, Aprill CN, Derby R, et al. The relative contributions of the disc and zygapophyseal joint in chronic low back pain. Spine 1994; 19: 801-806.

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