Why staying lean is not a matter of ethics
Author: Joseph Proietto
Published online: 6 December 1999
|
The Weight Debate Why staying lean is not a matter of ethics Joseph Proietto
MJA 1999; 171: 611-613 Introduction -
What is obesity? -
Is obesity a risk to health? -
Are obese people entirely responsible for their excess weight? -
Are the obese abused in our society? -
What should be the consequences of our new knowledge of the aetiology of obesity? -
Acknowledgement -
References -
Authors' details
|
References
- Burry JN. Obesity and virtue. Is staying lean a matter of ethics? Med J Aust 1999; 171: 609-610.
- Montague CT, Farooqi IS, Whitehead JP, et al. Congenital leptin deficiency is associated with severe early-onset obesity in humans. Nature 1997; 387: 903-908.
- Yeo GS, Farooqi IS, Aminian S, et al. A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity. Nat Genet 1998; 20: 111-112.
- Hinney A, Schmidt A, Nottebom K, et al. Several mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene including a nonsense and a frameshift mutation associated with dominantly inherited obesity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 1483-1486.
- Bray GA. Complications of obesity. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 1052-1062.
- Garrison RJ, Castelli WP. Weight and thirty-year mortality of men in the Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1985; 103: 1006-1009.
- NHMRC Working Party. Acting on Australia's weight: a strategic plan for the prevention of overweight and obesity. Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council, 1997.
- Bjorntorp P. The associations between obesity, adipose tissue distribution and disease. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1988; 723: 121-134.
- Bjorntorp P. Abdominal obesity and the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Rev 1988A; 4: 615-622.
- Bjorntorp P. "Portal" adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 493-496.
- Aravich PF, Sclafani A. Paraventricular hypothalamic lesions and medial hypothalamic knife cuts produce similar hyperphagia syndromes. Behav Neurosci 1983; 97: 970-983.
- Lustig RH, Rose SR, Burghen GA, et al. Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by a somatostatin agonist. J Pediatr 1999; 135: 162-168.
- Thorburn AW, Proietto J. Neuropeptides, the hypothalamus and obesity: Insights into the central control of body weight. Pathology 1998; 30: 229-236.
- West DB, Fey D, Woods SC. Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats. Am J Physiol 1984; 246: R776-R787.
- Leibel RL, Rosenbaum M, Hirsch J. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 621-628.
- Levine JA, Eberhardt NL, Jensen MD. Role of nonexercise activity thermogenesis in resistance to fat gain in humans. Science 1999; 283: 212-214.
- Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, et al. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 1994; 372: 425-432.
- Elmquist JK, Maratos-Flier E, Saper CB, Flier JS. Unraveling the central nervous system pathways underlying responses to leptin. Nat Neurosci 1998; 1: 445-450.
- Farooqi IS, Jebb SA, Langmack G, et al. Effects of recombinant leptin therapy in a child with congenital leptin deficiency. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 879-884.
- Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 292-295.
- Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N, et al. A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 1998; 392: 398-401.
- Mitchell BD, Cole SA, Comuzzie AG, et al. A quantitative trait locus influencing BMI maps to the region of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor. Diabetes 1999; 48: 1863-1867.
- Boden G, Chen X, Mozzoli M, Ryan I. Effect of fasting on serum leptin in normal human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3419-3423.
- Wadden TA, Frey DL. A multicenter evaluation of a proprietary weight loss program for the treatment of marked obesity: a five-year follow-up. Int J Eat Disord 1997; 22: 203-212.
- Gortmaker SL, Must A, Perrin JM, et al. Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1008-1012.
Seven Vessel Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Concurrent Transient Global Amnesia After an Emotional Trigger
Michael J. Stewart, Tom R. Sutherland
Seven Vessel Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection and Concurrent Transient Global Amnesia After an Emotional Trigger
Virginia Barbour
Research Priority Setting Is Not Research: A Call for Ethical Clarity in Australia
Bec Jenkinson, Gordon McGurk, Jonathan Quicke, Janelle Bowden, Nadine E. Foster
Organ Donation After Oral Ingestion of a Voluntary Assisted Dying Substance
Joanne Kantianis, Helen I. Opdam, Rohit L. D'Costa
Equity, Diversity and Inclusion From the Start: Reforming Australia's Research Infrastructure for Inclusive Participation
Danielle M. Muscat, Kirsten J. McCaffery, Heather L. Shepherd, Marguerite Tracy
A Match Made in Health Care: Can Ethics and Governance Better Support Impactful Implementation Research?
Natalie Taylor, Zhicheng Li, Cathelijne van Kemenade, Jackie Curtis, Patrick Bolton