Immunisation for herpes zoster: current status

• 1 Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Sydney, NSW.
• 2 Department of General Practice, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA.
• 3 School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW.

---

• 1. Poletti P, Melegaro A, Ajelli M, et al. Perspectives on the impact of varicella immunization on herpes zoster. A model-based evaluation from three European countries. PLOS One 2013; 8: e60732.
• 2. Stein AN, Britt H, Harrison C, et al. Herpes zoster burden of illness and health care resource utilisation in the Australian population aged 50 years and older. Vaccine 2009; 27: 520-529.
• 3. Steain M, Sutherland JP, Rodriguez M, et al. Analysis of T cell responses during active varicella-zoster virus reactivation in human ganglia. J Virol 2014; 88: 2704-2716.
• 4. Levin MJ, Murray M, Rotbart HA, et al. Immune response of elderly individuals to a live attenuated varicella vaccine. J Infect Dis 1992; 166: 253-259.
• 5. Oxman MN, Levin MJ, Johnson GR, et al. A vaccine to prevent herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in older adults. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2271-2284.
• 6. Langan SM, Smeeth L, Margolis DJ, Thomas SL. Herpes zoster vaccine effectiveness against incident herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in an older US population: a cohort study. PLOS Med 2013; 10: e1001420.
• 7. Levin MJ. Immune senescence and vaccines to prevent herpes zoster in older persons. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24: 494-500.
• 8. Schmader KE, Levin MJ, Gnann JW Jr, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of herpes zoster vaccine in persons aged 50-59 years. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 922-928.
• 9. MacIntyre CR, Egerton T, McCaughey M, et al. Concomitant administration of zoster and pneumococcal vaccines in adults ≥ 60 years old. Hum Vaccin 2010; 6: 894-902.
• 10. Keating GM. Shingles (herpes zoster) vaccine (Zostavax): a review of its use in the prevention of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Drugs 2013; 73: 1227-1244.
• 11. Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. The Australian immunisation handbook: part 3 vaccination for special risk groups. http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/handbook10part3 (accessed Feb 2014).
• 12. Zhang J, Xie F, Delzell E, et al. Association between vaccination for herpes zoster and risk of herpes zoster infection among older patients with selected immune-mediated diseases. JAMA 2012; 308: 43-49.
• 13. Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Clement F, et al. A phase 1/2 clinical trial evaluating safety and immunogenicity of a varicella zoster glycoprotein e subunit vaccine candidate in young and older adults. J Infect Dis 2012; 206: 1280-1290.
• 14. Baxter R, Ray P, Tran TN, et al. Long-term effectiveness of varicella vaccine: a 14-year, prospective cohort study. Pediatrics 2013; 131: e1389-1396.
• 15. Brisson M, Gay NJ, Edmunds WJ, Andrews NJ. Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox. Vaccine 2002; 20: 2500-2507.
• 16. Carville KS, Riddell MA, Kelly HA. A decline in varicella but an uncertain impact on zoster following varicella vaccination in Victoria, Australia. Vaccine 2010; 28: 2532-2538.
• 17. Donahue JG, Kieke BA, Gargiullo PM, et al. Herpes zoster and exposure to the varicella zoster virus in an era of varicella vaccination. Am J Public Health 2010; 100: 1116-1122.
• 18. Gao Z, Gidding HF, Wood JG, MacIntyre CR. Modelling the impact of one-dose vs. two-dose vaccination regimens on the epidemiology of varicella zoster virus in Australia. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138: 457-468.
• 19. Hales CM, Harpaz R, Joesoef MR, Bialek SR. Examination of links between herpes zoster incidence and childhood varicella vaccination. Ann Intern Med 2013; 159: 739-745.