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Social and occupational outcomes for young people who attend early intervention mental health services

Frank Iorfino, Elizabeth M Scott and Ian B Hickie
Med J Aust 2022; 216 (5): . || doi: 10.5694/mja2.51425
Published online: 21 March 2022

In reply: We thank Rickwood and colleagues1 for their comments about the generalisability of our findings to other headspace cohorts, which is a challenging question given the likely variability across services nationally. Based on data available, our sample is comparable to other published headspace cohorts on demographic and clinical characteristics including age (18.1 ± 3.3 in our study v 17.1 ± 3.4), sex (61.6% v 61.3% female), disengagement from employment, education and training (15.8% v 18.5%), and functional impairment (Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale [SOFAS] score, 62.3 ± 9.03 v ~ 62.7–64.7).2,3,4 Our online Supporting Information highlights that the 1391 young people we excluded tended to be male, older, have higher rates of disengagement, previous hospitalisation and more severe disorders (ie, psychosis), a group that may be less closely matched with other headspace cohorts.


  • Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW


Correspondence: frank.iorfino@sydney.edu.au

Competing interests:

No relevant disclosures.

  • 1. Rickwood DJ, Trethowan J, Carruthers A. Social and occupational outcomes for young people who attend early intervention mental health services [letter]. Med J Aust 2022; 216: 264.
  • 2. Seidler ZE, Rice SM, Dhillon HM, et al. Patterns of youth mental health service use and discontinuation: population data from Australia’s headspace model of care. Psychiatr Serv 2020; 71: 1104–1113.
  • 3. Rickwood DJ, Mazzer KR, Telford NR, et al. Changes in psychological distress and psychosocial functioning in young people visiting headspace centres for mental health problems. Med J Aust 2015; 202: 537–542. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2015/202/10/changes‐psychological‐distress‐and‐psychosocial‐functioning‐young‐people
  • 4. Rickwood DJ, Telford NR, Parker AG, et al. headspace — Australia’s innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting? Med J Aust 2014; 200: 108–111. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2014/200/2/headspace‐australias‐innovation‐youth‐mental‐health‐who‐are‐clients‐and‐why‐are
  • 5. Hickie IB, Scott EM, Cross SP, Iorfino F, Davenport TA, Guastella AJ, Naismith SL, Carpenter JS, Rohleder C, Crouse JJ, Hermens DF. Right care, first time: a highly personalised and measurement‐based care model to manage youth mental health. Med J Aust 2019; 211: S3–S46. https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2019/211/9/right‐care‐first‐time‐highly‐personalised‐and‐measurement‐based‐care‐model
  • 6. Lenehan PJ. Social and occupational outcomes for young people who attend early intervention mental health services [letter]. Med J Aust 2022; 216: 264–265.
  • 7. Burgess PM, Harris MG, Coombs T, Pirkis JE. A systematic review of clinician‐rated instruments to assess adults’ levels of functioning in specialised public sector mental health services. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51: 338–354.
  • 8. Davey CG, Chanen AM, Hetrick SE, et al. The addition of fluoxetine to cognitive behavioural therapy for youth depression (YoDA‐C): a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre clinical trial. Lancet Psychiatry 2019; 6: 735–744.

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