Fatty Liver Disease in Australia: A Narrative Review on the Epidemiology, Natural History, Prognostication and Management in People With Metabolic Dysfunction

Metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic (dysfunction)-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common and fastest growing cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. There has been a substantial increase in the epidemiological research regarding MASLD/MAFLD originating from Australia since 2020. This narrative review summarises these pivotal epidemiological studies investigating the disease prevalence, natural history, prognostication and management of this condition. The Australian literature demonstrates the prevalence to be between one-third and two-fifths of adults affected, depending on nomenclature, with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease irrespective of terminology. Current local data support guideline-based disease staging with non-invasive tests of fibrosis and the management continues to centre on diet and lifestyle interventions, with directed therapy on the horizon.