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Specifying objectives and outcomes for clinical trials

Val J Gebski, Ian Marschner and Anthony C Keech
Med J Aust 2002; 176 (10): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04522.x
Published online: 20 May 2002

Thorough definitions and descriptions of the objectives and outcomes in clinical trials lead to results that are more readily interpretable and more easily generalisable. Indeed, the failure to prospectively define both objectives and outcomes in sufficient detail, and to describe how these are to be measured, has been a major criticism of some randomised trials.1 Items 5 and 6 of the CONSORT statement checklist relate to objectives and outcomes in randomised trials.2


  • NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.


Correspondence: enquiry@ctc.usyd.edu.au

  • 1. Piantadosi S. Clinical trials, a methodologic perspective. Chapter 6. New York: John Wiley, 1997.
  • 2. Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D, et al for the CONSORT group. The CONSORT statement: Revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. JAMA 2001; 285: 1987-1991.
  • 3. Ghersi D, Gebski VJ, Keech AC. Scientific background and rationale for a randomised controlled trial. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 386.
  • 4. Keech AC, Gebski VJ. Selecting participants for clinical trials. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 490-491.
  • 5. Gebski VJ, Beller EM, Keech AC. Randomised controlled trials: elements of a good study. Med J Aust 2001; 175: 272-274.
  • 6. DeGruttola VG, Clax P, DeMets DL, et al. Considerations in the evaluation of surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Summary of a National Institutes of Health workshop. Control Clin Trials 2001; 22: 485-502.
  • 7. Freeman LS, Graubard BI, Schatzkin A. Statistical validation of intermediate endpoints for chronic diseases. Stat Med 1992; 11: 167-178.

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