Connect
MJA
MJA

Overt and covert recordings of health care consultations in Australia: some legal considerations

Megan Prictor, Carolyn Johnston and Amelia Hyatt
Med J Aust 2021; 214 (3): . || doi: 10.5694/mja2.50838
Published online: 2 November 2020

There are legal considerations for both clinicians and patients when recording health care consultations

Studies show that patients often have inaccurate recall of health care events and diagnoses.1 Concentration during a medical consultation may be “hampered by unspoken anxieties or pain, making it difficult to recall detail”.2 Audio recordings of consultations can be useful for patients and clinicians to assist memory and understanding. They have mainly been evaluated in oncology and paediatrics.3,4 Patients report that listening to their consultation recording increases knowledge and understanding of their illness, and recordings can assist with treatment decision making, increasing a sense of empowerment.5 Sharing recordings with family can facilitate support and understanding. Clinicians likewise recognise recordings’ benefits for patients and for improving the quality and efficiency of their care.6


  • 1 Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
  • 2 Cancer Experiences Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC



Acknowledgements: 

We thank Associate Professor Mark Taylor and Associate Professor Andrew Roberts, Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, for their review of a draft version of this article.

Competing interests:

No relevant disclosures.

  • 1. Sherlock A, Brownie S. Patients’ recollection and understanding of informed consent: a literature review. Aust N Z J Surg 2014; 84: 207–210.
  • 2. Rimmer A. My patient wants to record our appointment, what should I do? BMJ 2019; 364: l1101.
  • 3. Pitkethly M, MacGillivray S, Ryan R. Recordings or summaries of consultations for people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; (3): CD001539.
  • 4. Tsulukidze M, Durand M‐A, Barr PJ, et al. Providing recording of clinical consultation to patients – a highly valued but underutilized intervention. Patient Educ Couns 2014; 95: 297–304.
  • 5. Hyatt A, Lipson‐Smith R, Gough K, et al. Culturally and linguistically diverse oncology patients’ perspectives of consultation audio‐recordings and question prompt lists. Psychooncology 2018; 27: 2180–2188.
  • 6. Hyatt A, Lipson‐Smith R, Morkunas B, et al. Testing consultation recordings in a clinical setting with the SecondEars smartphone app: Mixed methods implementation study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8: e15593.
  • 7. Elwyn G, Barr PJ, Grande SW. Patients recording clinical encounters: a path to empowerment? Assessment by mixed methods. BMJ Open 2015; 5: e008566.
  • 8. Barr PJ, Bonasia K, Verma K, et al. Audio‐/videorecording clinic visits for patient's personal use in the United States: cross‐sectional survey. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20: e11308.
  • 9. Barr PJ, Dannenberg MD, Ganoe CH, et al. Sharing annotated audio recordings of clinic visits with patients—development of the Open Recording Automated Logging System (ORALS): study protocol. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6: e121.
  • 10. Lipson‐Smith R, White F, White A, et al. Co‐design of a consultation audio‐recording mobile app for people with cancer: the SecondEars app. JMIR Form Res 2019; 3: e11111.
  • 11. Wolderslund M, Kofoed P‐E, Holst R, et al. Digital audio recordings improve the outcomes of patient consultations: a randomised cluster trial. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100: 242–249.
  • 12. Moloczij N, Krishnasamy M, Butow P, et al. Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of audio‐recordings and question prompt lists in cancer care consultations: a qualitative study. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100 1083–1091.
  • 13. Tsulukidze M, Grande SW, Thompson R, et al. Patients covertly recording clinical encounters: threat or opportunity? A qualitative analysis of online texts. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0125824.
  • 14. van Bruinessen IR, Leegwater B, van Dulmen S. When patients take the initiative to audio‐record a clinical consultation. Patient Educ Couns 2017; 100: 1552–1557.
  • 15. Rieger KL, Hack TF, Beaver K, Schofield P. Should consultation recording use be a practice standard? A systematic review of the effectiveness and implementation of consultation recordings. Psychooncology 2018; 27: 1121–1128.
  • 16. Hyatt A, Lipson‐Smith R, Morkunas B, et al. Testing consultation recordings in a clinical setting with the SecondEars smartphone app: mixed methods implementation study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8: e15593.
  • 17. Adams MA. Covert recording by patients of encounters with gastroenterology providers: path to empowerment or breach of trust? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 15: 13–16.
  • 18. National Health and Medical Research Council. Guidelines approved under section 95A of the Privacy Act 1988. Canberra: NHMRC, 2014.
  • 19. Krackow KA, Buyea CM. Use of audiotapes for patient education, medical record documentation, and informed consent in lower extremity reconstruction. Orthopedics 2001; 24: 683–685.
  • 20. Meeusen AJ, Porter R. Patient‐reported use of personalized video recordings to improve neurosurgical patient‐provider communication. Cureus 2015; 7: e273.
  • 21. Bird S, Vijayaraj J. Recording consultations: is this the future? MDA National. 18 July 2017. https://www.mdanational.com.au/advice-and-support/library/blogs/2017/07/Recording-Consultations (viewed Oct 2019).
  • 22. Phillips B. Who owns health data? Priv Law Bull 2014; 11: 81–87.

Author

remove_circle_outline Delete Author
add_circle_outline Add Author

Comment
Do you have any competing interests to declare? *

I/we agree to assign copyright to the Medical Journal of Australia and agree to the Conditions of publication *
I/we agree to the Terms of use of the Medical Journal of Australia *
Email me when people comment on this article

Online responses are no longer available. Please refer to our instructions for authors page for more information.