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Letters

“Through a glass, darkly”: the clinical and ethical implications of Munchausen syndrome

Dawn E DeWitt, Ravi Bhat and Stephanie Ward
MJA 2010 ; 192 (01): 55

To the Editor: Robertson and Kerridge1 criticised our article “Patient privacy versus protecting the patient and the health system from harm”2 based on an interpretation that we were advocating notification for all patients with somatisation disorders, but our recommendation for a confidential notification system pertained specifically to factitious disorder.

We agree that “ignoring or failing to integrate mental health care in future health planning is to invite a higher burden of morbidity, mortality and cost”.1 Indeed, we do not wish to “[constrain] the patient’s interaction with the health system”, but rather believe that a more complete, accurate and easily available patient history would allow doctors to optimise such patients’ care within the system. Clinically appropriate resource allocation would substitute appropriate psychiatric/psychological and primary care for more costly and inappropriate (potentially harmful) emergency and procedural care, such as numerous cardiac catheterisations.

The case described in our article illustrates well the higher burden of morbidity and cost that the patient, and the system, had to endure because of the failure of multiple health providers across a range of acute settings to diagnose and treat the patient’s primary illness.2 Avoidance of truthful disclosure on the part of the patient contributes to this diagnostic failure. An electronic medical record (EMR) notification in this kind of case would allow any given doctor to overcome the otherwise almost insurmountable barriers to collating such a patient’s history, and thus to be aware of, to balance and to manage the factitious disorder diagnosis — a notoriously difficult task.3

Robertson and Kerridge argue there is a lack of evidence for “costly” EMR systems. However, it has been found that “Hospitals with automated notes and records [have] fewer complications, lower mortality rates, and lower costs”.4 A truly private portable EMR should help all patients obtain more appropriate and cost-effective care, by reducing duplication of costly investigations and doctors’ time spent chasing records. Conversely, patients might reasonably abhor a privacy system that inadvertently results in duplicate computed tomography scans — the prior records being “private” and unavailable — when radiation exposure increases the risk of cancer.5

We would be the first to acknowledge the risk of “stigmatisation” and agree with safeguards to mitigate potential consequences, as mentioned in our article.2 However, in the case of this patient and others in a similar situation, we still believe that he, the doctors struggling to provide appropriate care, and the system deserve better, which certainly won’t happen with the status quo.

Dawn E DeWitt, Head of School and Clinical Dean1Ravi Bhat, Associate Professor,1 and Director of Psychiatry2Stephanie Ward, Geriatrician3

1 School of Rural Health, University of Melbourne, Shepparton, VIC.

2 Goulburn Valley Area Mental Health Service, Shepparton, VIC.

3 Western Health, Melbourne, VIC.

ddewittATunimelb.edu.au

  1. Robertson MD, Kerridge IH. “Through a glass, darkly”: the clinical and ethical implications of Munchausen syndrome. Med J Aust 2009; 191: 217-219. <eMJA full text> <PubMed>
  2. DeWitt DE, Ward SA, Prabhu S, Warton B. Patient privacy versus protecting the patient and the health system from harm: a case study. Med J Aust 2009; 191: 213-216. <eMJA full text> <PubMed>
  3. Huffman JC, Stern TA. The diagnosis and treatment of Munchausen’s syndrome. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2003; 25: 358-363. <PubMed>
  4. Amarasingham R, Plantinga L, Diener-West M, et al. Clinical information technologies and inpatient outcomes: a multiple hospital study. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 108-114. <PubMed>
  5. Einstein AJ, Henzlova MJ, Rajagopalan S. Estimating risk of cancer associated with radiation exposure from 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography. JAMA 2007; 298: 317-323. <PubMed>

(Received 7 Sep 2009, accepted 14 Sep 2009)


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