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Matters Arising

Medicines and breastfeeding: information is available on safe use

Lisa H Amir
MJA 2007; 186 (9): 485

To the Editor: In his review of drug information for thyroid-related medications, Stockigt noted the “outdated advice that antithyroid drugs are not compatible with breastfeeding.”1 However, outdated product information is not unique to antithyroid drugs. Product information rarely states that the drug is safe or advisable for breastfeeding women.

Many women receive medicines in the postpartum period: a UK study found that 54% of women were given a drug in hospital and 55% were given a prescription by their general practitioner.2 Yet many breastfeeding women who need medicines are being given incorrect advice, as illustrated by the experience of my podiatrist, Janet.

Breastfeeding was going well when, at 4 months postpartum, Janet fell down a flight of stairs. Neither the ambulance officers nor the metropolitan emergency department registrar were willing to administer any pain relief except paracetamol (“unless you are prepared to wean”) — although Janet was in excruciating pain with a fractured 12th rib. At 7 months postpartum, Janet was hypertensive despite treatment. Regardless of her strong desire to continue breastfeeding, her GP and specialist informed her that she needed to change medication and therefore would have to stop breastfeeding.

Janet’s case illustrates two issues: firstly, a breastfeeding woman was denied necessary medication because she was breastfeeding, and secondly, her infant was denied continued breastfeeding because of maternal medication. Apparently none of the health professionals sought expert help with decision making surrounding medicines and breastfeeding. Janet encouraged me to use her story to educate other health professionals.

For the vast majority of maternal medications, the amount of medication an infant would receive through breastfeeding is less than 1% of an infant dose. In general, if the medication is safe to use in infants, it will be safe for the breastfeeding mother. Only a small number of medications are contraindicated during breastfeeding: these include antineoplastic agents, ergotamine, methotrexate, cyclosporin, and radiopharmaceuticals.3

Information is available about safe use of medicines while breastfeeding (Box). The sources listed in the Box have reviewed the available evidence on individual drugs and given recommendations on whether they are safe to use during lactation. In general terms, they have followed the recommendations for evaluating appropriateness of off-label medicines as suggested by a recent New South Wales working party.4 Medicines used during pregnancy are given safety ratings and the information is available online.5 Australian clinicians need to access such guidance in relation to safe prescribing for breastfeeding women.

Sources of information on medicines for breastfeeding women

Reference books

Pharmacy Department, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne. Drugs and breastfeeding. Melbourne: RWH, 2004 (available for sale: tel: 03 9344 2484)

Hale TW. Medications and mothers’ milk. 12th ed. Amarillo, Tex: Pharmasoft Medical Publishing, 2006 (available for sale at: http://neonatal.ttuhsc.edu/lact)

Websites

Drugs and lactation database (LactMed), a new searchable website set up by the US National Library of Medicine (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?LACT)

World Health Organization. Breastfeeding and maternal medication (http://www.who.int/ child-adolescent-health/New_Publications/NUTRITION/BF_Maternal_Medication.pdf)

Telephone advice

Pharmacy departments of tertiary maternity hospitals

Drug Information Centre, Pharmacy Department, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne (tel: 03 9344 2277)

Lisa H Amir , Health Professional Research Fellow,1 General Practitioner,2 Medical Officer3

1 Mother and Child Health Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC.

2 Women’s Clinic on Richmond Hill, Melbourne, VIC.

3 Breastfeeding Education and Support Services, Royal Women’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC.

l.amirATlatrobe.edu.au

  1. Stockigt JR. Barriers in the quest for quality drug information: salutary lessons from TGA-approved sources for thyroid-related medications. Med J Aust 2007; 186: 76-79. <eMJA full text> <PubMed>
  2. Jones W, Brown D. The medication vs breastfeeding dilemma. Br J Midwifery 2003; 11: 550-555.
  3. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. Transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001; 108: 776-789. <PubMed>
  4. Gazarian M, Kelly M, McPhee JR, et al. Off-label use of medicines: consensus recommendations for evaluating appropriateness. Med J Aust 2006; 185: 544-548. <eMJA full text> <PubMed>
  5. Therapeutic Goods Administration Australian Drug Evaluation Committee. Prescribing medicines in pregnancy. An Australian categorisation of risk of drug use in pregnancy. 4th ed. Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, 1999. http://www.tga.gov.au/docs/pdf/medpreg.pdf (accessed Jan 2007).

(Received 19 Dec 2006, accepted 13 Mar 2007)

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©The Medical Journal of Australia 2007 www.mja.com.au PRINT ISSN: 0025-729X ONLINE ISSN: 1326-5377