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Multiple pregnancy: a modern epidemic?

Mark P Umstad and Michael J Gronow
Med J Aust 2003; 178 (12): . || doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2003.tb05384.x
Published online: 16 June 2003

The epidemic is subsiding as we improve the delivery of assisted reproductive technology


  • Royal Women's Hospital, Carlton, Vic, Australia.


Correspondence: 

  • 1. Riley M, Halliday J. Births in Victoria 1999–2000. Melbourne: Department of Human Services, 2001.
  • 2. Taylor MJO, Fisk NM. Multiple pregnancy. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2000; 2: 4-10.
  • 3. Kiely JL, Kiely M. Epidemiological trends in multiple births in the United States, 1971–1998. Twin Res 2001; 4: 131-133.
  • 4. Derom C, Vlietinck R, Derom R, et al. Increased monozygotic twinning rate after ovulation induction. Lancet 1987; 1: 1236-1238.
  • 5. Lichtenstein P, Olausson PO, Kallen AJ. Twin births to mothers who are twins: a registry based study. BMJ 1996; 312: 879-881.
  • 6. Tong S, Short RV. Dizygotic twinning as a measure of human fertility. Human Reprod 1998; 13: 95-98.
  • 7. Taffel SM. Demographic trends in twin births: USA. In: Keith LG, Papiernik E, Keith DM, Luke B, editors. Multiple pregnancy: epidemiology, gestation and perinatal outcome. New York: Parthenon Publishing Group, 1995: 133-144.
  • 8. Lumley J, Watson L, Watson M, Bower C. Periconceptual supplementation with folate and/or multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; (2): CD001056.
  • 9. Krotz S, Fajardo J, Ghandi S, et al. Hypertensive disease in twin pregnancies: a review. Twin Res 2002; 5: 8-14.
  • 10. Scher AI, Petterson B, Blair E, et al. The risk of mortality or cerebral palsy in twins: a collaborative population-based study. Pediatr Res 2002; 52: 671-681.
  • 11. Blickstein I. Cerebral palsy in multifoetal pregnancies. Dev Med Child Neurol 2002; 44: 352-355.
  • 12. Papageorghiou AT, Liao AW, Skentou NJ, et al. Trichorionic triplet pregnancies at 10–14 weeks: outcome after embryo reduction compared with expectant management. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2002; 11: 307-312.

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